Rayyis 1999.

Study characteristics
Methods	Randomised controlled trial
Participants	VLBW infants of gestational age < 34 weeks at birth Setting: Neonatal Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA (dates not stated)
Interventions	Feed advancement at 15 mL/kg/d (n = 98) vs 35 mL/kg/d (n = 87)
Outcomes	NEC Time to regain birth weight Time to achieve full enteral feeds Time to hospital discharge
Notes	Infants for whom full or partial feeding with expressed breast milk was planned were not eligible to participate. Feeds were ceased if: residual gastric contents > 30% of previous feed volume, abdominal distension or tenderness, or bloody stools (including occult blood).
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not stated
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Opaque, sealed envelopes
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Unmasked
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Unmasked
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	7 protocol violations occurred after enrolment, but all infants were included in the final data analysis.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Unlikely
Other bias	Low risk	No evidence of baseline imbalance