Table 1. Socioeconomic characteristics of the frontline and non-frontline healthcare providers [14,15].
| Frontliners (n = 160) | Non-frontliners (n = 146) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | n | (%) | n | (%) |
| Age (years)a | 37.96 | (6.21) | 38.46 | (7.13) |
| Household income (MYR)a,b | 5754.73 | (3121.83) | 4369.14 | (2726.48) |
| Number of childrena | 2.46 | (1.53) | 2.27 | (1.57) |
| Duration of employment (years)a | 12.66 | (5.84) | 12.43 | (7.01) |
| Gender: | ||||
| Male | 19 | (11.9) | 42 | (28.8) |
| Female | 141 | (88.1) | 104 | (71.2) |
| Race: | ||||
| Malay | 156 | (97.5) | 145 | (99.3) |
| Non-Malay | 4 | (2.5) | 1 | (0.7) |
| Education level: | ||||
| Diploma | 134 | (83.8) | 135 | (92.4) |
| Bachelor | 18 | (11.2) | 9 | (6.2) |
| Master | 8 | (5.0) | 2 | (1.4) |
| Marital status: | ||||
| Married | 133 | (83.1) | 132 | (90.4) |
| Unmarried | 27 | (16.9) | 14 | (9.6) |
| Occupation: | ||||
| Paramedic | 137 | (85.6) | 139 | (95.2) |
| Medical staff | 23 | (14.4) | 7 | (4.8) |
| Department: | ||||
| Medical | 54 | (33.8) | 24 | (16.4) |
| Emergency | 2 | (1.3) | 51 | (34.9) |
| Intensive Care Unit | 67 | (41.9) | 0 | (0.0) |
| Surgical | 14 | (8.8) | 56 | (38.4) |
| Obstetric Gynaecology | 5 | (3.1) | 0 | (0.0) |
| Others | 18 | (11.2) | 15 | (10.2) |
| Shift work: | ||||
| No | 154 | (96.2) | 137 | (93.8) |
| Yes | 6 | (3.8) | 9 | (6.2) |
| Social support: | ||||
| Emotional supporta | 70.31 | (25.44) | 58.48 | (27.93) |
| Tangible supporta | 64.43 | (28.21) | 56.22 | (29.13) |
| Affectionate supporta | 74.74 | (25.55) | 62.84 | (28.70) |
| Positive social interactiona | 74.18 | (24.48) | 62.46 | (27.51) |
a Expressed as mean (standard deviation)
b Missing values (frontline healthcare providers, n = 128; non-frontline healthcare providers, n = 87).