Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the derivation cohort and imputation dataset.
| Derivation cohort | Imputation dataset | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | mean (SD) | %/mean (SD) | |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 26,758 (41.8) | 41.8 | |
| Female | 37,215 (58.2) | 58.2 | |
| Age-group (years) | |||
| 18–39 | 14,290 (22.3) | 22.3 | |
| 40–49 | 8,016 (12.5) | 12.5 | |
| 50–59 | 8,511 (13.3) | 13.3 | |
| 60–69 | 9,017 (14.1) | 14.1 | |
| 70–79 | 11,565 (18.1) | 18.1 | |
| 80+ | 12,574 (19.7) | 19.7 | |
| Smoking status | |||
| Current | 9,629 (15.1) | 31.0* | |
| Ex-smoker | 7,164 (11.1) | 22.9* | |
| Nonsmoker | 14,457 (22.6) | 46.0* | |
| Missing | 32,723 (51.2) | - | |
| Alcohol consumption | |||
| Current | 18,435 (28.8) | 66.9* | |
| Nondrinker | 8,095 (12.7) | 29.1* | |
| Past drinker | 1,087 (1.7) | 4.0* | |
| Missing | 36,356 (56.8) | - | |
| Body mass index | |||
| Underweight | 6,691 (10.9) | 12.4* | |
| Normal | 33,846 (52.9) | 60.0* | |
| Overweight | 10,790 (16.9) | 18.8* | |
| Obese | 5,141 (8.0) | 8.8* | |
| Missing | 7,235 (11.3) | - | |
| Comorbidities | |||
| 0 | 8,870 (13.9) | 13.9 | |
| 1 | 12,762 (20.0) | 20.0 | |
| 2 | 12,641 (19.8) | 19.8 | |
| 3 | 10,378 (16.2) | 16.2 | |
| 4 | 7,638 (11.9) | 11.9 | |
| 5+ | 11,684 (18.3) | 18.3 | |
| Co-occurring clinical features | |||
| Appetite loss | 1,592 (2.5) | 2.5 | |
| Abdominal mass | 233 (0.4) | 0.4 | |
| Abdominal pain | 3,762 (5.9) | 5.9 | |
| Back pain | 3,277 (5.1) | 5.1 | |
| Change in bowel habit | 641 (1.0) | 1.0 | |
| Chest pain (noncardiac) | 1,866 (2.9) | 2.9 | |
| Chest signs | 90 (0.1) | 0.1 | |
| Dyspepsia | 1,776 (2.8) | 2.8 | |
| Dysphagia | 717 (1.1) | 1.1 | |
| Haemoptysis | 181 (0.3) | 0.3 | |
| Iron deficiency anaemia | 780 (1.2) | 1.2 | |
| Jaundice | 126 (0.2) | 0.2 | |
| Lymphadenopathy | 209 (0.3) | 0.3 | |
| Venous thromboembolism | 201 (0.3) | 0.3 | |
| Liver function tests | |||
| Albumin (g/L) | 41,622 (65.1) | 41.1 (4.8) | 41.2 (4.8)* |
| Alkaline phosphatase (iu/L) | 41,278 (64.5) | 90.8 (57.5) | 89.9 (56.8)* |
| AST/ALT (iu/L) | 10,911 (17.1) | 25.9 (20.7) | 25.4 (18.9)* |
| Bilirubin (umol/L) | 41,895 (65.5) | 11.1 (6.9) | 11.1 (6.8)* |
| Full blood count | |||
| Haemoglobin (g/L) | 46,129 (72.1) | 13.5 (1.6) | 13.5 (1.6)* |
| Lymphocytes (×109/L) | 42,502 (66.5) | 1.9 (0.7) | 1.9 (0.8)* |
| Mean cell volume (fL) | 45,010 (70.4) | 91.1 (6.2) | 91.1 (6.2)* |
| Monocytes (×109/L) | 42,607 (66.6) | 0.6 (0.4) | 0.6 (0.4)* |
| Neutrophils (×109/L) | 40,592 (63.5) | 4.6 (2.1) | 4.6 (2.1)* |
| Platelets (×109/L) | 45,239 (70.7) | 272.5 (88.5) | 272.2 (88.3)* |
| Total white cell count (×109/L) | 44,714 (69.9) | 7.3 (2.5) | 7.3 (2.5)* |
| Inflammatory markers | |||
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 14,703 (23.0) | 13.3 (30.1) | 11.7 (27.3)* |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm/h) | 22,931 (35.9) | 17.4 (21.4) | 17.6 (21.0)* |
| Cancer diagnosis within 6 months | |||
| Yes | 908 (1.4) | 1.4 | |
| No | 63,065 (98.6) | 98.6 | |
| Total | 63,973 | 50×63973 | |
*Imputed data.
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; SD, standard deviation.