Table 2. Sm—Symptoms-only model.

Covariate		Coefficient (95% CI)	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p-value
Demographics
Age-group (ref = 60–69 years)	18–39	−3.85 (−4.75–2.96)	0.02 (0.01–0.05)	<0.001
	40–49	−1.93 (−2.40–1.46)	0.14 (0.09–0.23)	<0.001
	50–59	−1.11 (−1.43–0.78)	0.33 (0.24–0.46)	<0.001
	70–79	0.63 (0.43–0.82)	1.87 (1.53–2.28)	<0.001
	80+	0.72 (0.52–0.93)	2.06 (1.69–2.52)	<0.001
Sex (ref = female)	male	0.77 (0.63–0.91)	2.16 (1.87–2.48)	<0.001
Risk factors
Smoking status (ref = non-smoker)	current	0.61 (0.37–0.84)	1.84 (1.45–2.32)	<0.001
	ex-smoker	0.21 (−0.02–0.43)	1.23 (0.98–1.54)	0.068
Symptoms
Abdominal pain	Yes	0.77 (0.56–0.98)	2.17 (1.76–2.67)	<0.001
Appetite loss	Yes	0.61 (0.33–0.89)	1.84 (1.39–2.43)	<0.001
Dyspepsia	Yes	0.46 (0.16–0.75)	1.58 (1.18–2.12)	<0.001
Sign
Abdominal mass	Yes	1.09 (0.59–1.59)	2.98 (1.81–4.93)	<0.001
Chest signs	Yes	1.32 (0.60–2.04)	3.73 (1.81–7.68)	<0.001
Iron deficiency anaemia	Yes	1.15 (0.82–1.48)	3.16 (2.27–4.41)	<0.001
Jaundice	Yes	1.89 (1.33–2.45)	6.62 (3.77–11.6)	<0.001
Lymphadenopathy	Yes	1.54 (0.73–2.35)	4.67 (2.08–10.5)	<0.001
Venous thromboembolism	Yes	1.10 (0.47–1.73)	3.00 (1.60–5.64)	<0.001
Constant		−4.97 (−5.2–4.75)		<0.001

Candidate covariates included in the backwards stepwise selection procedure using p < 0.01 to retain covariates included the following: sex, age-group, smoking status, abdominal mass, abdominal pain, appetite loss, back pain, chest pain (noncardiac), chest signs, change in bowel habit, dyspepsia, dysphagia, iron deficiency anaemia, jaundice, lymphadenopathy, and venous thromboembolism.