Fig. 5.

Urine levels of DIM, 2-ox-DIM, and 3-methylenehydroxy(pyrano)-DIM over time. All urine was collected over 48 hours postdosing and pooled in fractions of 0–6, 6–12, 12–24, and 24–48 hours. Aliquots of 1 ml were treated with sulfatase/β-glucuronidase, extracted, and analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS as described in Materials and Methods. No DIM or DIM metabolites were seen prior to initiation of 1 week of DIM supplementation (−7d). The 0-hour time point was urine collected just prior to the last dose (morning of day 8). Bars indicate the mean (n = 7) in pmol/mg creatinine and the bars the S.D. DIM and 2-ox-DIM were quantified utilizing standard cures; pyrano-DIM (from 3-methylenehydroxy-DIM) was estimated based on instrument response with 2-ox-DIM standards.