Table 3.
. Bivariate Analyses of Patient Characteristics Associated with Acupuncture Preference.
| Characteristic | Un-AOR | 95% CI | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacological Pain Management Barriers (BQ-13) | |||
| Pain Management Beliefs Subscale | 1.14 | 0.94–1.37 | 0.18 |
| Analgesic Side Effects Subscale | 1.66 | 1.40–1.97 | <0.001 |
| Age | |||
| ≥65 (reference) | -- | -- | |
| <65 | 1.14 | 0.81–1.63 | 0.44 |
| Gender | |||
| Male (reference) | -- | -- | |
| Female | 2.16 | 1.47–3.17 | <0.001 |
| Race | |||
| White (reference) | -- | -- | |
| Non-White | 0.63 | 0.39–1.01 | 0.06 |
| Education | |||
| Graduated college (reference) | -- | -- | |
| Did not graduate college | 0.64 | 0.46–0.91 | 0.01 |
| Pain Medication | |||
| None (reference) | -- | -- | |
| Non-Opioid | 0.83 | 0.50–1.37 | 0.46 |
| Opioid | 0.58 | 0.35–0.95 | 0.03 |
| Worst Pain Severity | |||
| Mild (reference) | -- | -- | |
| Moderate | 0.86 | 0.53–1.37 | 0.52 |
| Severe | 0.80 | 0.53–1.19 | 0.26 |
| Acupuncture Attitudes/Beliefs (ABCAM) | |||
| Expected Benefits Subscale | 1.04 | 1.03–1.05 | <0.001 |
| Perceived Barriers Subscale | 0.94 | 0.93–0.96 | <0.001 |
| Social Norms Subscale | 1.04 | 1.03–1.05 | <0.001 |
Un-AOR = unadjusted odds ratio
CI = confidence interval
BQ-13 = Barriers Questionnaire
ABCAM = Attitudes and Beliefs about Complementary and Alternative Medicine instrument