Table 4.
Multivariable Analyses of Patient Characteristics Associated with Acupuncture Preference.a
| Characteristic | AOR | 95% CI | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacological Pain Management Barriers (BQ-13) | |||
| Pain Management Beliefs Subscale | 1.17 | 0.91–1.51 | 0.21 |
| Analgesic Side Effects Subscale | 1.45 | 1.17–1.81 | 0.001 |
| Gender | |||
| Male (reference) | -- | -- | |
| Female | 1.82 | 1.15–2.87 | 0.01 |
| Race | |||
| White (reference) | -- | -- | |
| Non-White | 0.66 | 0.37–1.17 | 0.15 |
| Education | |||
| Graduated college (reference) | -- | -- | |
| Did not graduate college | 1.00 | 0.65–1.54 | 0.998 |
| Pain Medication | |||
| None (reference) | -- | -- | |
| Non-Opioid | 0.62 | 0.34–1.14 | 0.13 |
| Opioid | 0.71 | 0.39–1.31 | 0.28 |
| Acupuncture Attitudes/Beliefs (ABCAM) | |||
| Expected Benefits Subscale | 1.03 | 1.02–1.04 | <0.001 |
| Perceived Barriers Subscale | 0.95 | 0.94–0.97 | <0.001 |
| Social Norms Subscale | 1.02 | 1.004–1.03 | 0.01 |
AOR = adjusted odds ratio
CI = confidence interval
BQ-13 = Barriers Questionnaire
ABCAM = Attitudes and Beliefs about Complementary and Alternative Medicine instrument
a
The logistic regression model was adjusted for all variables shown in the table. The pseudo-R2 value of the regression model was 0.22.