Table 1.
Characteristics of study population (n = 155)
| Variables/Characteristics | Mean (SD) | n (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||
| Male | 135 (87.1) | |
| Female | 26 (12.9) | |
| Race | ||
| Malay | 95 (61.3) | |
| Chinese | 38 (24.5) | |
| Indian | 6 (3.9) | |
| Others | 16 (10.3) | |
| Age | 37.5 (16.7) | |
| GCS before tracheostomy (motor component) | ||
| 5–6 | 90 (58.1) | |
| 3–4 | 44 (28.4) | |
| 1–2 | 21 (13.5) | |
| GCS after tracheostomy (motor component) | ||
| 5–6 | 110 (71) | |
| 3–4 | 32 (20.6) | |
| 1–2 | 13 (8.4) | |
| Days in NHDU | 7.44 (3.464) | |
| Duration on ventilator (days) | 4.25 (2.508) | |
| Lung disease | ||
| No lung disease | 142 (91.6) | |
| With lung disease | 13 (8.4) | |
| Pupil | ||
| Equal | 112 (72.3) | |
| Unequal | 43 (27.7) | |
| Tracheostomy | ||
| Early | 72 (46.5) | |
| Late | 83 (53.5) | |
| Injury severity score | ||
| Early tracheostomy | 27.07 (0.469) | |
| Late tracheostomy | 28.13 (0.438) | |
| Marshal classification | ||
| Type 2 | 3 (1.9) | |
| Type 3 | 72 (49.7) | |
| Type 4 | 11 (7.1) | |
| Type 5 | 64 (41.3) | |
| Pneumonia | ||
| VAP | 19 (12.3) | |
| No VAP | 136 (87.7) | |
| Complication | ||
| Infected | 1 (0.6) | |
| Subcutaneous emphysema | 3 (1.9) | |
| Status at discharge | ||
| Alive | 148 (95.5) | |
| Dead | 7 (4.5) | |