Role of HIF-1α in morphine-mediated astrocytic amyloidosis. Representative western blots showing the expressions of (A) HIF-1α and BACE1 and (B) Aβ mOC64 and GFAP in HPAs transfected with either HIF-1α siRNA or scrambled siRNA in the presence of morphine (500 nM). (C) qPCR showing expression of HIF-1α, BACE1, IL1-β, and IL1-6 RNA in HPAs transfected with either HIF-1α or scrambled siRNA. Data are presented as mean±SEM. One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test was performed, $P< 0.001, *P < 0.05 versus control, #P< 0.001, &P< 0.01 versus scrambled siRNA+Morphine. Abbreviations: Aβ, amyloid beta, HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, HPA, human primary astrocyte, IL, interleukin, qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, siRNA, small interfering RNA.