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. 2021 Sep 1;12(6):1516–1535. doi: 10.14336/AD.2021.0322

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Early life exposures during pregnancy and childhood act as a first hit that creates lasting epigenetic modifications that increase risk of health complications and diseases later in life. Additionally, this first hit makes the individual more susceptible to a second environmental hit during life that may further increase risk of disease or increase likelihood of adverse events. (Created with BioRender.com.)