Figure 1.

Characteristics and in vitro immune modulation capacity of EVs from early- versus late-passage iMSCs. (A) Representative morphology of early-passage (P5) iMSCs and late-passage (P15) iMSCs. (B-C) Particle sizes and production yields of P5 or P15 iMSC-EV were determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis. (D) Anslysis of EV surface markers CD9, CD63 and CD81 on P5 EVs and P15 EVs by flow cytometry. (E) Levels of IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-17, and TGF-β1 in conditioned medium of splenocytes stimulated with LPS (50 ng/ml) for 18 hrs with or without EVs (0.75 to 3 X10⁹ particles/ml) from P5 or P15 iMSCs were determined with ELISA. All data are presented as means ± SD (n=4-6). *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001, ****: p < 0.0001 by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test. NC: negative control; PC: positive control.