Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate Cox regression for risk factors predictive of GBM in original cohort
| Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis (AAPR) | Multivariate Analysis (Albumin) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | LL | UL | p value | HR | LL | UL | p value | HR | LL | UL | p value | |
| Age at operation | ||||||||||||
| ≥55 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| <55 | 0.566 | 0.416 | 0.771 | <0.001 | 0.706 | 0.507 | 0.983 | 0.040 | 0.772 | 0.547 | 1.088 | 0.140 |
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Male | 1 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |||||||||
| Female | 0.670 | 0.488 | 0.919 | 0.013 | 0.663 | 0.472 | 0.931 | 0.018 | 0.671 | 0.480 | 0.937 | 0.019 |
| KPS | ||||||||||||
| >80 | 1 | |||||||||||
| ≤80 | 1.233 | 0.884 | 1.721 | 0.218 | ||||||||
| Hemisphere | ||||||||||||
| Midline or bilateral | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Right | 0.502 | 0.259 | 0.974 | 0.041 | 0.767 | 0.387 | 1.521 | 0.448 | 0.748 | 0.378 | 1.477 | 0.403 |
| Left | 0.395 | 0.203 | 0.769 | 0.006 | 0.511 | 0.256 | 1.021 | 0.057 | 0.487 | 0.245 | 0.967 | 0.040 |
| Location | ||||||||||||
| Frontal lobe | 1 | |||||||||||
| Temporal lobe | 1.639 | 0.983 | 2.731 | 0.058 | ||||||||
| Parietal lobe | 1.005 | 0.422 | 2.395 | 0.991 | ||||||||
| Occipital lobe | 0.383 | 0.052 | 2.813 | 0.346 | ||||||||
| Other regions | 1.319 | 0.896 | 1.943 | 0.160 | ||||||||
| Pre-operative seizures | ||||||||||||
| No | 1 | |||||||||||
| Yes | 1.242 | 0.836 | 1.845 | 0.284 | ||||||||
| Adjuvant therapy | ||||||||||||
| Chemotherapy and radiotherapy | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Chemotherapy or radiotherapy | 2.591 | 1.745 | 3.847 | <0.001 | 3.016 | 1.998 | 4.553 | <0.001 | 3.205 | 2.124 | 4.835 | <0.001 |
| None | 3.506 | 2.387 | 5.148 | <0.001 | 4.595 | 2.991 | 7.059 | <0.001 | 4.492 | 2.951 | 6.838 | <0.001 |
| Ki67 | ||||||||||||
| ≥30% | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| <30% | 0.736 | 0.544 | 0.997 | 0.048 | 0.638 | 0.462 | 0.882 | 0.007 | 0.681 | 0.496 | 0.936 | 0.018 |
| IDH-1 | ||||||||||||
| Positive | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Negative | 2.765 | 1.665 | 4.590 | <0.001 | 2.055 | 1.209 | 3.492 | 0.008 | 2.369 | 1.396 | 4.021 | 0.001 |
| NLR | ||||||||||||
| Low | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| High | 1.490 | 1.045 | 2.125 | 0.028 | 1.028 | 0.706 | 1.498 | 0.884 | 0.985 | 0.672 | 1.444 | 0.938 |
| AAPR | ||||||||||||
| Low | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
| High | 0.596 | 0.439 | 0.810 | 0.001 | 0.599 | 0.437 | 0.822 | 0.001 | ||||
| Albumin | ||||||||||||
| Low | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
| High | 0.617 | 0.454 | 0.837 | 0.002 | 0.670 | 0.484 | 0.929 | 0.016 | ||||
Significant findings are expressed in bold and italic.
Abbreviations: GBM, glioblastoma; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; LL, lower limit; UL, upper limit; KPS, Karnofsky performance status; IDH-1, Isocitrate dehydrogenase-1; NLR, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; AAPR, albumin to alkaline phosphatase ratio.