Table 3.
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics by WMH burden among ICH-carrying participants (N = 564).
| WMH burden | P* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mild (n = 192) | Moderate (n = 248) | Advanced (n = 124) | ||
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, years | 60.7 ± 10.7† | 66.9 ± 9.9‡ | 69.0 ± 9.1‡ | < 0.001 |
| Male sex | 146 (76.0)† | 142 (57.3)‡ | 59 (47.6)‡ | < 0.001 |
| Medical history | ||||
| Hypertension | 164 (85.4)† | 230 (92.7)‡ | 116 (93.5)‡ | 0.014 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 68 (35.4) | 85 (34.3) | 34 (27.4) | 0.298 |
| Dyslipidemia | 74 (38.5) | 97 (39.1) | 53 (42.7) | 0.733 |
| Coronary heart disease | 8 (4.2) | 13 (5.2) | 4 (3.2) | 0.656 |
| Current smoking | 103 (53.6)† | 96 (38.7)‡ | 39 (31.5)‡ | < 0.001 |
| Family history of stroke | 48 (25.0) | 53 (21.4) | 23 (18.5) | 0.382 |
| Qualifying ischemic event | 0.111 | |||
| Ischemic stroke | 178 (92.7) | 240 (96.8) | 115 (92.7) | |
| Transient ischemic attack | 14 (7.3) | 8 (3.2) | 9 (7.3) | |
| Time to randomization, days | 19.5 (8.0, 40.8) | 17.0 (6.0, 43.0) | 19.5 (12.0, 37.5) | 0.619 |
| Qualifying stroke NIHSS | 1 (0, 3) | 2 (1, 4) | 2 (1, 4) | 0.093 |
| MRI marker | ||||
| Presence of lacune | 141 (79.2)† | 215 (93.5)‡ | 109 (97.3)‡ | < 0.001 |
| CMB, n | 2.8 ± 6.8† (n = 178) | 5.8 ± 8.8‡ (n = 230) | 13.1 ± 21.6‡ (n = 112) | < 0.001 |
| CMB, n 0 to 1 (n = 271) | 133 (74.7)† | 109 (47.4)‡ | 29 (25.9)§ | < 0.001 |
| 2 to 4 (n = 104) | 28 (15.7) | 49 (21.3) | 27 (24.1) | |
| 5 to 9 (n = 70) | 12 (6.7)† | 39 (17.0)‡ | 19 (17.0)‡ | |
| ≥ 10 (n = 75) | 5 (2.8)† | 33 (14.3)‡ | 37 (33.0)§ | |
| Vital signs | ||||
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 135.4 ± 18.6 | 134.8 ± 17.5 | 133.4 ± 16.6 | 0.616 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 80.5 ± 11.2 | 80.0 ± 11.2 | 79.2 ± 10.9 | 0.574 |
| Heart rate (beats per min) | 79.2 ± 13.2 | 79.4 ± 14.2 | 81.9 ± 13.0 | 0.181 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.9 ± 3.4† | 24.1 ± 3.2‡ | 23.9 ± 3.5‡ | 0.024 |
| MMSE, score | 25.7 ± 4.3† | 22.7 ± 6.0‡ | 20.1 ± 6.8‡ | < 0.001 |
| Laboratory findings | ||||
| Glucose, mg/dL | 123.2 ± 46.5 | 120.3 ± 43.9 | 114.1 ± 36.4 | 0.218 |
| HbA1c, % | 6.4 ± 1.3† | 6.4 ± 1.4 | 6.1 ± 1.0‡ | 0.060 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 169.5 ± 45.1 | 170.7 ± 42.3 | 165.4 ± 38.5 | 0.555 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 102.3 ± 37.9 | 103.9 ± 37.5 | 102.7 ± 35.8 | 0.912 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 134.5 ± 92.3 | 121.5 ± 73.5 | 114.8 ± 61.5 | 0.086 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 44.0 ± 10.7 | 45.8 ± 12.3 | 45.5 ± 12.5 | 0.297 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.02 ± 0.49 | 0.97 ± 0.39 | 0.98 ± 0.67 | 0.497 |
| Uric acid, mg/dL | 5.4 ± 1.8† | 4.9 ± 1.6‡ | 4.8 ± 1.4‡ | 0.003 |
| Concomitant medication | ||||
| Antihypertensive | 146 (76.0) | 177 (71.4) | 98 (79.0) | 0.239 |
| Statin | 150 (78.1) | 188 (75.8) | 86 (69.4) | 0.202 |
| Probucol | 89 (46.4) | 133 (53.6) | 55 (44.4) | 0.155 |
| Antiplatelet drug | 0.431 | |||
| Cilostazol | 97 (50.5) | 127 (51.2) | 55 (44.4) | |
| Aspirin | 95 (49.5) | 121 (48.8) | 69 (55.6) | |
Values provided are number (%), mean ± SD, or median (interquartile range).
cSVD cerebral small-vessel disease, WMH white mater hyperintensity, ICH intracerebral hemorrhage, NIHSS National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, MMSE mini-mental state examination, CMB cerebral microbleed, BP blood pressure, HbA1c glycosylated hemoglobin, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
*By Pearson’s chi-square test for categorical variables and one-way analysis of variance test for continuous variables as appropriate. † and ‡ or ‡ and § indicates significant difference between them (P < 0.05) by Dunnett’s test for continuous variables or by chi-square test with Bonferroni adjustment for categorical variables (subjects with mild-moderate WMH as the reference group).