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. 2021 May 7;28(9):2778–2796. doi: 10.1038/s41418-021-00784-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — A and D. Beta-diversity ordination plot based on principal coordinate analysis of normalized and standardized data of fecal microbiota composition before (A; pre-CT, A, n = 56) and after (D; post-CT, D, n = 34) adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage I (orange) and stage II-III (blue). The p-value is indicated at the top of the Y axis. B and E. Variable importance plot (VIP) scores were obtained within partial least square discriminant analysis by segregating stage I (orange) from stage II-III (blue), describing the most discriminant species in descending order of importance before (B; pre-CT-A, n = 56) and after E; post-CT, D, n = 34) adjuvant chemotherapy (only bacteria with prevalence >2.5% were taking into account). C and F. Differential abundances in terms of metabolic pathways between study groups (stage I vs stage II-III, pre- CT (C) vs post-CT (F)) by computing the effect size from linear discriminant analysis (LDA).