. 2021 Sep 1;105(18):6649–6668. doi: 10.1007/s00253-021-11539-w

Table 1.

Bioactive secondary metabolites obtained via plant in vitro cultures

Compound	Plant species	Product yield	Culture type	Reference
Alkaloids
Berberine	Argemone mexicana	ca. 1.3 mg^.g⁻¹ DW	SH	Monforte-González et al. (2019)
Camptothecin	Ophiorrhiza mungos	0.86 mg⋅g⁻¹ DW 1.12 mg^.g⁻¹ DW	AR S	Deepthi and Satheeshkumar (2017a); Deepthi and Satheeshkumar (2017b)
Capsaicin & dihydrocapsaicin	Capsicum chinense	2.87 / 1.03 mg^.g⁻¹ DW	S	Kabita et al. (2020)
Indole alkaloids	Isatis tinctoria	3.15 mg^.g⁻¹ DW	HR	Gai et al. (2019)
Phenylpropanoids
Chlorogenic acid derivatives	Gardenia jasminoides	20.98 mg^.g⁻¹ DW	S	Liu et al. (2018)
Cichoric acid	Ocimum basilicum	6.90 mg^.g⁻¹ DW	S	Açıkgöz (2020)
Flavonoids (total)
	Ficus deltoidea var. kunstleri	3.3 mg^.g⁻¹ DW	S	Haida et al. (2019)
Flavonoids (chrysin, wogonin and baicalein)	Scutellaria bornmuelleri	163.42 mg^.g⁻¹ DW	HR	Gharari et al. (2020a)
Flavonoids, phenolics, polysaccharides	Oplopanax elatus	53.87 / 30.10 / 192.64 mg^.g⁻¹ DW	AR	Jiang et al. (2017)
Isoflavones	Trifolium pratense	23.53 mg^.g⁻¹ DW	IVP	Reis et al. (2018)
Isoquercetin	Ocimum basilicum	3.72 mg^.g⁻¹ DW	S	Açıkgöz (2020)
Rosmarinic acid	Ocimum basilicum	22.53 mg^.g⁻¹ DW	S	Açıkgöz (2020)
	Salvia leriifolia	6.41 mg^.g⁻¹ DW	S	Modarres et al. (2018)
Rutin	Ocimum basilicum	6.54 mg^.g⁻¹ DW	S	Açıkgöz (2020)
Lignans
Lignans (total)	Linum album	122.73 µ^.g⁻¹ FW	HR	Ahmadian Chashmi et al. (2016)
Dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol glucoside	Linum usitatissimum	21.6 mg^.g⁻¹ DW	AR	Anjum et al. (2020)
Guaiacylglycerol-ß-coniferyl alcohol ether glucoside	Linum usitatissimum	4.9 mg^.g⁻¹ DW	AR	Anjum et al. (2020)
Lariciresinol diglucoside	Linum usitatissimum	11.9 mg^.g⁻¹ DW	AR	Anjum et al. (2020)
Podophyllotoxin / 6-methoxypodo-phyllotoxin	Linum album	47 / 9.5 µg^.g⁻¹ DW 135 µg^.g⁻¹ DW / 15 mg^.g⁻¹ DW ca. 60 µg^.g⁻¹ DW / 9.5 mg^.g⁻¹ DW	S AR HR	Lalaleo et al. (2018) Lalaleo et al. (2018) Lalaleo et al. (2018)
Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside	Linum usitatissimum	5.5 mg^.g⁻¹ DW	AR	Anjum et al. (2020)
Stilbenes
Mulberroside A	Morus alba	31.59 mg^.L⁻¹	S	Komaikul et al. (2019)
Terpenoids
Artemisinin	Artemisia annua	10.86 mg^.g⁻¹ DW 9.33 mg^.L⁻¹	S S	Zebarjadi et al. (2018) Salehi et al. (2019a)
		1.12 mg^.g⁻¹ DW	HR	Patra and Srivastava (2016)
Betulinic acid	Lantana camara	0.117 mg^.g⁻¹ DW	S	Kumar et al. (2016)
Bilobalide	Ginkgo biloba	78 mg^.g⁻¹ DW	S	Sukito and Tachibana (2016)
Ginkgolide A / B / C	Ginkgo biloba	79 / 71 / 7.5 mg^.g⁻¹ DW	S	Sukito and Tachibana (2016)
Ginsenosides	Panax ginseng	2.62–9.04 mg^.g⁻¹ DW 32.46 mg^.g⁻¹ DW	S AR	Le et al. (2019) Murthy et al. (2018)
	Panax quinquefolius	87.6 mg^.L⁻¹	S	Biswas et al. (2016)
	Panax sikkimensis	222.2 mg^.L⁻¹	S	Biswas et al. (2018)
Oleanolic acid	Lantana camara	1.43 mg^.g⁻¹ DW	S	Kumar et al. (2016)
	Salvia fruticosa	5.76 mg^.g⁻¹ DW	S	Kümmritz et al. (2016)
Oleanolic acid glycosides	Calendula officinalis	52.52 mg^.g⁻¹ DW	HR	Alsoufi et al. (2019)
Paclitaxel	Corylus avellana	404.5 µg^.L⁻¹ 402.4 µg^.L⁻¹ 3.2 µg^.g⁻¹ DW	S S HR	Salehi et al. (2019b) Farhadi et al. (2020) Jalalipour Parizi et al. (2020)
	Taxus x media	2.47 mg^.g⁻¹ DW	HR	Sykłowska-Baranek et al. (2019)
Steviol glycosides (stevioside + rebaudioside A)	Stevia rebaudiana	92.58 mg^.g⁻¹ DW	AR	Ahmad et al. (2018)
Ursolic acid	Lantana camara	3.87 mg^.g⁻¹ DW	S	Kumar et al. (2016)
	Salvia fruticosa	10.77 mg^.g⁻¹ DW	S	Kümmritz et al. (2016)
Withanolides	Withania somnifera	14.2 mg^.g⁻¹ DW	S	Ahlawat et al. (2017)
Other
L-Dopa	Hybanthus enneaspermus	12.64 mg^.g⁻¹ DW	AR	Sathish et al. (2020)

AR adventitious root culture, DW dry weight, HR hairy roots, IVP in vitro cultivated plant, S cell suspension culture, SH shoot culture