Figure 1.

The origin of 23 diverse Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) strains and their virulence. A, Reaction type of 73 rice accessions caused by 23 Xoo strains from China and the Philippines and classification of the 23 Xoo strains into four major groups based on their virulence levels (mean lesion length [LL]): resistant (LL <3 cm), moderately resistant (3 cm ≤ LL <5 cm), moderately susceptible (5 cm ≤ LL < 10 cm), susceptible (10 cm ≤ LL < 15 cm), and highly susceptible (LL ≥ 15 cm). B, Principal component analysis plots for the first two principal components of the 23 Xoo genomes. C, The population structure and geographic distribution of the 23 Xoo strains. The neighbor-joining tree was constructed from LD pruned SNPs. Fraction ancestry was calculated with STRUCTURE software using an ancestry number of 3, which is shown in different colors