Table 1.

Estimated annual mortality rate from sudden cardiac death in young athletes with HCM

Modellingassumptions:
Prevalence of HCM in the athlete population ranges from 1:2000 to 1:500 persons. Supposing 500 000 athletes, the total number of athletes with HCM is 250–1000 persons. Annual incidence rates cited include only SCD and do not include resuscitated cardiac arrest; thus actual rates of all life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias will be higher. Proportion of SCD from HCM listed is based on autopsy confirmation or in vivo diagnosis.
Study and athlete population	Annual incidence of SCD (athlete-years)	Total Number of SCD Cases (in a population of 500000)	Proportion of SCD from HCM	Number of Cases of SCD from HCM	Annual mortality rate from HCM-related SCD
Maron et al 19
College athletes	1:62 500	8	32.80%	2.6	0.26%–1.0%
Black college athletes	1:26 315	19	44.70%	8.5	0.85%–3.4%
White college athletes	1:142 857	3.5	44.70%	1.6	0.2%–0.6%
Harmon et al 1
College athletes	1:53 703	9.3	8%	0.7	0.07%–0.3%
Black college athletes	1:21 491	23.3	8%	1.9	0.2%–0.8%
White college athletes	1:68 354	7.3	8%	0.6	0.06%–0.2%
Division I male basketball	1:5200	96.2	8%	7.7	0.8%–3%
Maron et al 3 From the US national registry
Black/minority athletes	1:12 778	39.1	42%	16.4	1.6%–6.6%
White athletes	1:60 746	8.2	31%	2.6	0.3%–1.0%
Harmon et al 22
Male high school athletes	1:68 742	7.3	14%	1	0.1%–0.4%
Female high school athletes	1:316 679	1.6	14%	0.2	0.02%–0.08%
Malhotra et al 20
Elite adolescent soccer (95% male)*	1:14 794	33.8	37.50%	12.7	1.3%–5.1%
Corrado et al 52
Competitive athletes≤35 years old from Veneto region of Italy†	1:62 500	8	2%	0.2	0.02%–0.08%

*Study population underwent cardiovascular screening with ECG and echocardiogram at age 16 years.

†Study population underwent annual cardiovascular screening with ECG.

HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; SCD, sudden cardiac death.