Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients with type 1 myocardial infarction and type 2 myocardial infarction, stratified by sex
| Clinical characteristics* | Type 1 myocardial infarction | Type 2 myocardial infarction | ||||
| All (n=57 264) |
Men (n=37 397) |
Women (n=19 867) |
All (n=6485) |
Men (n=3232) |
Women (n=3253) |
|
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (years) | 73 (64–81) | 71 (62–79) | 77 (68–84) | 78 (70–85) | 77 (69–84) | 80 (71–86) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.6 (24.1–29.7) | 26.8 (24.5–29.7) | 26.2 (23.1–29.8) | 25.6 (22.9–29.1) | 25.9 (23.5–28.7) | 25.4 (22.3–29.3) |
| Risk factors | ||||||
| Current smoking | 9636 (18%) | 6528 (18%) | 3108 (17%) | 809 (14%) | 410 (15%) | 399 (14%) |
| Hypertension | 33 313 (59%) | 20 592 (55%) | 12 721 (64%) | 4015 (62%) | 1977 (62%) | 2038 (63%) |
| Diabetes | 15 152 (27%) | 9717 (26%) | 5435 (27%) | 1889 (29%) | 1056 (33%) | 833 (26%) |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 22 520 (40%) | 15 189 (41%) | 7331 (37%) | 2892 (45%) | 1636 (51%) | 1256 (39%) |
| eGFR (CKD-EPI, mL/kg/m2) | 73 (52–88) | 75 (56–90) | 66 (47–84) | 57 (37–79) | 57 (36–78) | 58 (38–79) |
| Medical history | ||||||
| Previous myocardial infarction | 18 868 (33%) | 12 555 (34%) | 6313 (32%) | 2553 (40%) | 1437 (45%) | 1116 (35%) |
| Previous CABG | 7155 (13%) | 5399 (15%) | 1756 (9%) | 989 (15%) | 675 (21%) | 314 (10%) |
| Previous PCI | 12 711 (22%) | 8996 (24%) | 3715 (19%) | 1279 (20%) | 804 (25%) | 475 (15%) |
| Heart failure | 7014 (13%) | 4632 (13%) | 2382 (12%) | 1282 (21%) | 764 (25%) | 518 (17%) |
| Previous stroke | 5401 (10%) | 3416 (9%) | 1985 (10%) | 870 (14%) | 490 (15%) | 380 (12%) |
| COPD | 4833 (8%) | 2716 (7%) | 2117 (11%) | 1158 (18%) | 527 (16%) | 631 (19%) |
| Dementia | 440 (1%) | 251 (1%) | 189 (1%) | 80 (1%) | 36 (1%) | 44 (1%) |
| Previous or present cancer | 2410 (4%) | 1779 (5%) | 631 (3%) | 497 (8%) | 351 (11%) | 146 (5%) |
| ECG findings | ||||||
| Heart rhythm | ||||||
| Sinus rhythm | 49 574 (87%) | 32 382 (87%) | 17 192 (87%) | 4354 (68%) | 2075 (65%) | 2279 (71%) |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 5798 (10%) | 3691 (10%) | 2107 (11%) | 1756 (27%) | 909 (28%) | 847 (26%) |
| Other | 1512 (3%) | 1057 (3%) | 455 (2%) | 322 (5%) | 218 (7%) | 104 (3%) |
| Ischaemic findings | ||||||
| ST-segment depression | 17 773 (31%) | 11 373 (31%) | 6400 (33%) | 2211 (35%) | 1148 (36%) | 1063 (33%) |
| T-wave inversion | 7507 (13%) | 4723 (13%) | 2784 (14%) | 637 (10%) | 285 (9%) | 352 (11%) |
| Other ST-segment changes | 12 832 (23%) | 8299 (22%) | 4533 (23%) | 1725 (27%) | 928 (30%) | 797 (25%) |
| No ST-segment changes | 18 489 (33%) | 12 567 (34%) | 5922 (30%) | 1768 (28%) | 799 (25%) | 969 (31%) |
| In-hospital examinations and intervention | ||||||
| Echocardiography | 44 668 (78%) | 29 877 (80%) | 14 791 (75%) | 4201 (65%) | 2103 (65%) | 2098 (65%) |
| Coronary angiography | 45 229 (79%) | 31 184 (83%) | 14 045 (71%) | 2272 (35%) | 1150 (36%) | 1122 (35%) |
| PCI | 33 083 (58%) | 23 592 (63%) | 9491 (48%) | 734 (11%) | 463 (14%) | 271 (8%) |
| CABG | 4069 (7%) | 3163 (9%) | 906 (5%) | 76 (1%) | 63 (2%) | 13 (0%) |
| Angiographic findings | ||||||
| Inconclusive | 79 (0%) | 48 (0%) | 31 (0%) | 3 (0%) | 2 (0%) | 1 (0%) |
| Normal or non-occlusive disease | 4562 (11%) | 1942 (7%) | 2620 (19%) | 1138 (50%) | 385 (33%) | 753 (66%) |
| 1-vessel to 2-vessel obstructive disease | 25 024 (57%) | 17 465 (58%) | 7559 (56%) | 656 (28%) | 392 (34%) | 264 (23%) |
| 3-vessel obstructive disease/left main stem | 13 858 (32%) | 10 412 (35%) | 3446 (25%) | 499 (22%) | 376 (33%) | 123 (11%) |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction | ||||||
| ≥50% | 28 938 (65%) | 19 341 (65%) | 9597 (65%) | 2319 (56%) | 1056 (51%) | 1263 (61%) |
| 31%–49% | 13 158 (30%) | 8762 (29%) | 4396 (30%) | 1483 (35%) | 805 (38%) | 678 (32%) |
| ≤30% | 2361 (5%) | 1633 (6%) | 728 (5%) | 376 (9%) | 229 (11%) | 147 (7%) |
| Medication at discharge | ||||||
| Aspirin | 51 547 (91%) | 34 126 (92.4%) | 17 421 (89.1%) | 4135 (65%) | 2110 (67%) | 2025 (64%) |
| P2Y12 inhibitors | 45 751 (81%) | 30 334 (82%) | 15 417 (79%) | 2305 (36%) | 1260 (40%) | 1045 (33%) |
| Anticoagulants | 5319 (9%) | 3481 (9%) | 1838 (9%) | 1186 (19%) | 583 (18%) | 603 (19%) |
| Βeta-blockers | 48 851 (87%) | 32 022 (87%) | 16 829 (86%) | 5056 (80%) | 2555 (81%) | 2501 (78%) |
| ACEI | 30 450 (54%) | 21 061 (57%) | 9389 (48%) | 2628 (41%) | 1401 (44%) | 1227 (38%) |
| ARB | 13 106 (23%) | 7995 (22%) | 5111 (26%) | 1419 (22%) | 645 (20%) | 774 (24%) |
| Statins | 49 947 (88%) | 33 811 (92%) | 16 136 (83%) | 4084 (64%) | 2206 (70%) | 1878 (59%) |
| hs-cTnT (ng/L) | 269 (100–782) | 280 (100–843) | 250 (98–684) | 272 (115–666) | 298 (121–804) | 246 (107–570) |
| Duration of hospital stays (days) | 4 (3–6) | 4 (3–7) | 4 (3–7) | 5 (3–8) | 5 (3–8) | 5 (3–8) |
Continuous data are presented as mean (SD) or mean (IQR), as appropriate. Categorical data are presented as n (%).
*The number (%) of missing values of clinical characteristics are presented in online supplemental table 1.
ACEI, ACE inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blockers; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CKD-EPI, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; hs-cTnT, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.