Table 3.

Adjusted ORs and IRRs indicating the differences in mortality, readmissions, and length of stay between intervention and comparison hospitals (total n=55) and differential changes in those outcomes across timepoints

	30-day mortality*		7-day readmissions†		Length of stay‡
	OR (95% CI)	p value	OR (95% CI)	p value	IRR (95% CI)	p value
Intervention vs comparison at baseline	1·34 (1·09–1·64)	0·0052	1·15 (0·98–1·34)	0·090	0·78 (0·72–0·84)	<0·0001
Post-implementation vs baseline in comparison hospitals	1·07 (0·97–1·17)	0·18	1·06 (1·01–1·12)	0·015	0·95 (0·93–0·98)	0·0001
Post-implementation vs baseline in intervention hospitals	0·89 (0·84–0·95)	0·0003	1·00 (0·95–1·04)	0·92	0·91 (0·89–0·94)	<0·0001
Interaction of intervention* post-implementation	0·84 (0·75–0·93)	0·0016	0·94 (0·88–0·99)	0·049	0·95 (0·92–0·99)	0·010

ORs for 30-day mortality and 7-day readmissions were estimated with random-intercept logistic regression models. IRRs for length of stay were estimated with zero-truncated negative binomial regression models. All models adjusted for the clustering of patients in hospitals and controlled for hospital size. DRG=Diagnosis-Related Group. IRR=incident rate ratio. OR=odds ratio.

^*Models for mortality also included risk scores to control for each patient's probability of dying given their age, sex, comorbidities present, and DRGs. Cases involving obstetric deliveries were excluded from the analyses.

^†Models for 7-day readmission also included risk scores to control for each patient's probability of readmission given their age, sex, comorbidities present, and DRGs. These models were restricted to short-term patients alone (length of stay ≤30 days) with routine discharge to home and excluded readmission for obstetric delivery.

^‡Models for length of stay also controlled for whether patients died during their hospital stay and for their age, sex, comorbidities, and DRGs; and were restricted to short-term patients alone.