TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants included in the per-protocol analyses for fasting serum lipids1
| Variable | Limited dairy (n = 21) | Low-fat dairy (n = 24) | Full-fat dairy (n = 21) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 56.0 (46, 69) | 64.0 (58, 71) | 65.0 (58, 68) | 0.25 |
| Male sex, % | 52.4% | 58.3% | 57.1% | 0.92 |
| White race, % | 71.4% | 82.6% | 71.4% | 0.61 |
| Body weight, kg | 100.7 ± 16.5 | 96.5 ± 25.7 | 94.8 ± 17.4 | 0.64 |
| Height, cm | 173.3 ± 9.2 | 171.6 ± 12.7 | 170.2 ± 6.3 | 0.61 |
| Fat mass, kg | 38.4 (32.1, 47.3) | 32.5 (23.6, 52.1) | 36.7 (27.4, 48.8) | 0.67 |
| Lean body mass, kg | 57.2 ± 10.3 | 55.5 ± 14.0 | 53.8 ± 8.8 | 0.63 |
| Visceral adiposity, (in3)3 | 143.7 (94.9, 207.3) | 103.9 (71.4, 202.1) | 123.5 (77.7, 176.6) | 0.40 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 76.1 ± 9.5 | 80.9 ± 10.6 | 78.0 ± 7.7 | 0.23 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 124 (118, 135) | 123 (119, 138) | 126 (119, 136) | 0.83 |
| LDL cholesterol derived, mg/dL | 88.4 ± 32.5 | 93.8 ± 33.6 | 105.2 ± 37.0 | 0.28 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 34.0 (29.5, 44.0) | 36.5 (29.5, 48.5) | 41.0 (37.0, 60.0) | 0.10 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 142.0 (73.0, 184.5) | 149.5 (92.5, 204.0) | 122.0 (87.0, 191.5) | 0.50 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 153.4 ± 43.8 | 168.3 ± 37.2 | 180.0 ± 43.6 | 0.12 |
| Free fatty acids, mEq/L | 0.54 ± 0.19 | 0.59 ± 0.17 | 0.57 ± 0.16 | 0.61 |
| LDL relative flotation rate | 0.26 (0.24, 0.29) | 0.26 (0.24, 0.29) | 0.26 (0.25, 0.29) | 0.20 |
| CRP, mg/L | 1.3 (0.9, 2.9) | 0.9 (0.4, 2.1) | 1.5 (0.9, 3.0) | 0.50 |
| IL-6, pg/mL | 3.5 (2.3, 4.0) | 2.6 (1.8, 4.1) | 2.9 (1.6, 4.2) | 0.69 |
| Adiponectin, ng/mL | 5100 (3775, 7650) | 6425 (3900, 9300) | 5900 (3925, 9750) | 0.88 |
| Physical activity, MET-h/wk | 36.7 (21.5, 52.7) | 41.0 (25.7, 89.7) | 37.8 (19.6.0, 47.9) | 0.29 |
| Healthy Eating Index score | 72.1 ± 9.3 | 72.8 ± 9.7 | 72.2 ± 8.5 | 0.97 |
1
Values are means ± SDs for normally distributed variables, medians (25th, 75th percentile) for non–normally distributed variables, or percentages (for categorical variables); n = 66. P values are based on an ANOVA, except for gender and race, which were based on an independent-samples Kruskal-Wallis test. CRP, C-reactive protein; MET-h, metabolic equivalent of task hours.
2
Sample size for White race: limited, n = 21; low-fat, n = 23; full-fat, n = 21 (race was self-identified).
3
Sample size for visceral adiposity: limited, n = 20; low-fat, n = 22; full-fat n = 20.