TABLE 3.
Infant characteristics in each vitamin D treatment group1
| 10 µg/d (n = 81) | 20 µg/d (n = 83) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gestation at delivery, wk | 39.4 ± 4.8 | 39.8 ± 2.8 | 0.453 |
| Mode of delivery | |||
| Vaginal delivery | 41 (50.6) | 38 (45.8) | 0.561 |
| Caesarean section | 33 (40.7) | 36 (43.4) | |
| Forceps | 6 (7.4) | 5 (6.0) | |
| Vacuum | 1 (1.2) | 4 (4.8) | |
| Apgar2 | |||
| 1 min | 8.4 ± 1.7 | 8.5 ± 1.3 | 0.548 |
| 5 min | 8.9 ± 1.3 | 9.0 ± 0.7 | 0.451 |
| Anthropometry | |||
| Birth weight, g | 3429.1 ± 829.4 | 3638.9 ± 639.9 | 0.095 |
| Low birth weight | 3 (3.7) | 3 (3.6) | 0.026 |
| Normal birth weight | 67 (82.7) | 63 (75.9) | |
| Macrosomia | 11 (13.6) | 17 (20.5) | |
| Birth length, cm | 52.2 ± 4.9 | 52.9 ± 4.0 | 0.397 |
| Head circumference, cm | 34.7 ± 2.4 | 35.8 ± 2.7 | 0.003 |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 37 (45.7) | 43 (51.8) | 0.439 |
| Female | 44 (54.3) | 40 (48.2) |
1
Data are presented as means ± SDs or n (%).
2
Apgar test performed at 1 and 5 min after birth to assess infant health. Scores ≥ 7 considered normal, 4–6 low, and ≤ 3 regarded as critically low. Birth weight defined by WHO: low birth weight <2500 g and macrosomia >4000 g. P, differences between 10-µg/d and 20-µg/d groups assessed using a general linear model, adjusted for 25(OH)D at baseline, or chi-square test as appropriate, P < 0.05 considered significant.