FIGURE 2.

Circulating choline (A), betaine (B), carnitine (C), and DMG (D) in relation to cardiometabolic biomarkers. Regression coefficients (β) and 95% CIs were adjusted for age; sex; ethnicity; fasting time; education; obesity; central obesity; smoking status; alcohol drinking; physical activity level; use of multivitamins; menopausal status and hormone therapy in women; intakes of red meat, eggs, and fish; and history of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. βs indicate the increase or decrease in SD units of choline, betaine, carnitine, and DMG on the log scale. Q values represent corrected P values for each group of analyses by controlling the false discovery rate. CRP, C-reactive protein; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DMG, dimethylglycine; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; SBP, systolic blood pressure.