Table 3.
Prognosis of Brain Metastases in the United States by Primary Site as Derived From SEER, SEER-Medicare, and GPA-Based Dataa
| Primary Site | Sub-Site | Median Survival (Months) Based on SEER Datab | Median Survival (Months) in Older Patients Based on SEER-Medicare Datac | Median Survival (Months) Based on GPA Data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breast | 2.1-4.5 | 16 | ||
| HR+/HER2− | 14.0 | 2.0-4.9 | ||
| HR+/HER2+ | 21.0 | 2.5-6.4 | ||
| HR−/HER2+ | 10.0 | |||
| Triple-negative | 6.0 | 2.3-3.4 | ||
| Head and Neck | All | 5.0 | ||
| Gastrointestinal | 8 | |||
| Esophagus | 4.0 | 2.3-4.0 | ||
| Gastric | 4.0 | |||
| Hepatobiliary | 3.0 | |||
| Pancreatic | 2.0 | |||
| Colorectal | 6.0 | 2.5-3.0 | ||
| Anal | 7.0 | |||
| Other gastrointestinal | 4.0 | |||
| Genitourinary | ||||
| Renal | 5.0 | 1.8-3.5 | 12 | |
| Bladder | 4.0 | |||
| Prostate | 12.0 | |||
| Testicular | Not reached | |||
| Other genitourinary | 7.0 | |||
| Gynecologic | ||||
| Ovarian | 5.0 | 7.5-7.7 | ||
| Endometrial | 4.0 | |||
| Cervical | 4.0 | |||
| Other gynecologic | Not reached | |||
| Lung | 2.9-3.3 | |||
| Small cell | 6.0 | 3.0-3.6 | ||
| Squamous cell | 4.0 | 2.2-2.8 | ||
| Adenocarcinoma | 6.0 | 3.7-3.8 | 15 | |
| Bronchioloalveolar | 10.0 | |||
| Non-small cell not otherwise specified | 4.0 | 1.9-2.7 | ||
| Melanoma | Any | 6.0 | 2.8-3.0 | 10 |
| Sarcoma | Any | 4.0 | ||
| Thyroid | Thyroid | 5.0 | ||
| All others | All others | 3.0 |
Abbreviations: GPA, graded prognostic assessment; HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; HR, hormone receptor; SEER, Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results.
aEmpty cells reflect missing data.
bFor patients with brain metastases at the time of diagnosis of primary malignancy.
cRange reflects estimates for synchronous (present at diagnosis of systemic malignancy) and metachronous (developed after diagnosis of systemic malignancy) brain metastases; limited to patients ≥65 years of age.