TABLE 4.
Relative risk (95% CI) of preterm delivery1 by quartiles of AHEI, AMED, and DASH, NICHD Fetal Growth Studies–Singletons
| Dietary patterns | GW | Models | Total | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P-trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AHEI | 8–132 | Case/Obs. | 90/1542 | 21/386 | 31/388 | 23/384 | 15/384 | |
| Model 14 | 1.00 | 1.43 (0.84, 2.45) | 1.03 (0.57, 1.84) | 0.64 (0.33, 1.25) | 0.14 | |||
| Model 25 | 1.00 | 1.56 (0.89, 2.73) | 1.18 (0.64, 2.18) | 0.78 (0.39, 1.57) | 0.40 | |||
| 16–223 | Case/Obs. | 107/1724 | 30/429 | 30/431 | 27/431 | 20/433 | ||
| Model 14 | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.61, 1.63) | 0.90 (0.54, 1.50) | 0.67 (0.38, 1.18) | 0.15 | |||
| Model 25 | 1.00 | 1.08 (0.66, 1.76) | 1.01 (0.60, 1.69) | 0.76 (0.42, 1.36) | 0.34 | |||
| 24–293 | Case/Obs. | 93/1691 | 29/425 | 19/424 | 28/419 | 17/423 | ||
| Model 14 | 1.00 | 0.65 (0.37, 1.15) | 0.96 (0.58, 1.61) | 0.57 (0.31, 1.05) | 0.17 | |||
| Model 25 | 1.00 | 0.63 (0.36, 1.12) | 0.88 (0.52, 1.50) | 0.55 (0.29, 1.04) | 0.14 | |||
| AMED | 8–132 | Case/Obs. | 90/1542 | 25/343 | 39/599 | 12/278 | 14/322 | |
| Model 14 | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.53, 1.41) | 0.56 (0.28, 1.10) | 0.55 (0.29, 1.05) | 0.04 | |||
| Model 25 | 1.00 | 0.78 (0.47, 1.30) | 0.49 (0.24, 1.01) | 0.50 (0.25, 1.01) | 0.03 | |||
| 16–223 | Case/Obs. | 107/1724 | 25/468 | 31/423 | 26/389 | 25/444 | ||
| Model 14 | 1.00 | 1.38 (0.83, 2.31) | 1.27 (0.74, 2.17) | 1.08 (0.63, 1.87) | 0.86 | |||
| Model 25 | 1.00 | 1.29 (0.78, 2.14) | 1.19 (0.70, 2.04) | 1.06 (0.61, 1.84) | 0.93 | |||
| 24–293 | Case/Obs. | 93/1691 | 28/444 | 16/415 | 25/410 | 24/422 | ||
| Model 14 | 1.00 | 0.61 (0.34, 1.12) | 0.97 (0.57, 1.64) | 0.91 (0.53, 1.56) | 0.95 | |||
| Model 25 | 1.00 | 0.65 (0.36, 1.19) | 1.01 (0.59, 1.72) | 0.92 (0.52, 1.61) | 0.93 | |||
| DASH | 8–132 | Case/Obs. | 90/1542 | 25/345 | 25/488 | 26/369 | 14/340 | |
| Model 14 | 1.00 | 0.67 (0.39, 1.15) | 0.91 (0.53, 1.55) | 0.51 (0.26, 0.98) | 0.10 | |||
| Model 25 | 1.00 | 0.70 (0.40, 1.21) | 1.00 (0.57, 1.77) | 0.56 (0.28, 1.13) | 0.21 | |||
| 16–223 | Case/Obs. | 107/1724 | 32/393 | 36/517 | 15/402 | 24/412 | ||
| Model 14 | 1.00 | 0.86 (0.54, 1.36) | 0.46 (0.25, 0.84) | 0.72 (0.42, 1.22) | 0.08 | |||
| Model 25 | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.57, 1.48) | 0.49 (0.26, 0.93) | 0.79 (0.44, 1.40) | 0.21 | |||
| 24–293 | Case/Obs. | 93/1691 | 29/380 | 27/498 | 20/410 | 17/403 | ||
| Model 14 | 1.00 | 0.69 (0.41, 1.15) | 0.61 (0.34, 1.08) | 0.52 (0.28, 0.96) | 0.03 | |||
| Model 25 | 1.00 | 0.69 (0.40, 1.17) | 0.58 (0.32, 1.07) | 0.50 (0.26, 0.96) | 0.03 |
Models included all women who have not given birth at the respective visit.
At this GW interval, AHEI, AMED, and DASH scores were estimated using self-reported diet in the past 3 months assessed by FFQ.
At this GW interval, AHEI, AMED, and DASH scores were estimated based on Automated Self-Administered 24-h dietary recall.
Log-binomial regression models adjusted for maternal age (y).
Log-binomial regression models adjusted for maternal age (y), race (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, Asian), education (<high school, high school, some college, Bachelor, Graduate), marriage/cohabiting (yes, no), nulliparity (yes, no), pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2), family history of diabetes (yes, no), light to vigorous physical activities (MET-h/wk), sleep durations (5–6, 7, 8–9, 10+ h/d), and total energy intake (kcal/d).
AHEI, alternate Healthy Eating Index; AMED, alternate Mediterranean diet; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; GW, gestational week; NICHD, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.