Table 2.
Characteristics of IHDs for surgical patients by different phases of hospitalization
| Variable | Total | IHDs for whole hospitalization | IHDs before surgery | IHDs after surgery | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | None | p | Yes | None | p | Yes | None | p | |||
| n(%) | n(%) | n(%) | n(%) | ||||||||
| Total | Patients | 322 | 86 | 220 | 188 | 218 | 190 | ||||
| Age (years) | Under 50 | 152 (37.3) | 109 (33.9) | 43 (50.0) | 0.031 | 69 (31.4) | 83 (44.1) | 0.018 | 74 (33.9) | 78 (41.1) | 0.317 |
| 50–59 | 145 (35.5) | 117 (36.3) | 28 (32.6) | 81 (36.8) | 64 (34.0) | 77 (35.3) | 68 (35.8) | ||||
| 60–69 | 91 (22.3) | 79 (24.5) | 12 (14.0) | 60 (27.3) | 31 (16.5) | 55 (25.2) | 36 (18.9) | ||||
| Over 69 | 20 (4.9) | 17 (5.3) | 3 (3.5) | 10 (4.5) | 10 (5.3) | 12 (5.5) | 8 (4.2) | ||||
| Gender | Male | 221 (54.2) | 169 (52.5) | 52 (60.5) | 0.187 | 113 (51.4) | 108 (57.4) | 0.219 | 122 (56.0) | 99 (52.1) | 0.435 |
| Female | 187 (45.8) | 153 (47.5) | 34 (39.5) | 107 (48.6) | 80 (42.6) | 96 (44.0) | 91 (47.9) | ||||
| Marital status | Married | 382 (93.6) | 302 (93.8) | 80 (93.0) | 0.796 | 209 (95.0) | 173 (92.0) | 0.22 | 204 (93.6) | 178 (93.7) | 0.965 |
| Non-married | 26 (6.4) | 20 (6.2) | 6 (7.0) | 11 (5.0) | 15 (8.0) | 14 (6.4) | 12 (6.3) | ||||
| Location of residence | Wuhan | 118 (28.9) | 92 (28.6) | 26 (30.2) | 0.763 | 61 (27.7) | 57 (30.3) | 0.565 | 62 (28.4) | 56 (29.5) | 0.818 |
| Others | 290 (71.1) | 230 (71.4) | 60 (69.8) | 159 (72.3) | 131 (69.7) | 156 (71.6) | 134 (70.5) | ||||
| Self pay | Yes | 21 (5.1) | 16 (5.0) | 5 (5.8) | 0.753 | 8 (3.6) | 13 (6.9) | 0.135 | 11 (5.0) | 10 (5.3) | 0.921 |
| No | 387 (94.9) | 306 (95.0) | 81 (94.2) | 212 (96.4) | 175 (93.1) | 207 (95.0) | 180 (94.7) | ||||
| Severity of illness | Severe | 32 (7.8) | 22 (6.8) | 10 (11.6) | 0.142 | 16 (7.3) | 16 (8.5) | 0.643 | 12 (5.5) | 20 (10.5) | 0.060 |
| Moderate | 376 (92.2) | 300 (93.2) | 76 (88.4) | 204 (92.7) | 172 (91.5) | 206 (94.5) | 170 (89.5) | ||||
| Multiple diagnosis | Single | 220 (53.9) | 169 (52.5) | 51 (59.3) | 0.260 | 122 (55.5) | 98 (52.1) | 0.502 | 105 (48.2) | 115 (60.5) | 0.012 |
| Multiple | 188 (46.1) | 153 (47.5) | 35 (40.7) | 98 (44.5) | 90 (47.9) | 113 (51.8) | 75 (39.5) | ||||
| First hospitalization | Yes | 367 (90.0) | 293 (91.0) | 74 (86.0) | 0.175 | 198 (90.0) | 169 (89.9) | 0.972 | 199 (91.3) | 168 (88.4) | 0.337 |
| No | 41 (10.0) | 29 (9.0) | 12 (14.0) | 22 (10.0) | 19 (10.1) | 19 (8.7) | 22 (11.6) | ||||
| Admission approach | Outpatient | 390 (95.6) | 313 (97.2) | 77 (89.5) | 0.002 | 212 (96.4) | 178 (94.7) | 0.409 | 215 (98.6) | 175 (92.1) | 0.001 |
| Emergency | 18 (4.4) | 9 (2.8) | 9 (10.5) | 8 (3.6) | 10 (5.3) | 3 (1.4) | 15 (7.9) | ||||
| First hospitalization | Yes | 367 (90.0) | 293 (91.0) | 74 (86.0) | 0.175 | 198 (90.0) | 169 (89.9) | 0.972 | 199 (91.3) | 168 (88.4) | 0.337 |
| No | 41 (10.0) | 29 (9.0) | 12 (14.0) | 22 (10.0) | 19 (10.1) | 19 (8.7) | 22 (11.6) | ||||
| Overlength of stay | Yes | 70 (17.2) | 68 (21.1) | 2 (2.3) | 0.001 | 76 (34.5) | 7 (3.7) | 0.000 | 73 (33.5) | 14 (7.4) | 0.000 |
| No | 338 (82.8) | 254 (78.9) | 84 (97.7) | 144 (65.5) | 181 (96.3) | 145 (66.5) | 176 (92.6) | ||||
| Types of surgery | LC | 126 (30.9) | 91 (28.3) | 35 (40.7) | 0.000 | 62 (28.2) | 64 (34.0) | 0.260 | 58 (26.6) | 68 (35.8) | 0.000 |
| SFI | 144 (35.3) | 100 (31.1) | 44 (51.2) | 85 (38.6) | 59 (31.4) | 39 (17.9) | 105 (55.3) | ||||
| TL | 138 (33.8) | 131 (40.7) | 7 (8.1) | 73 (33.2) | 65 (34.6) | 121 (55.5) | 17 (8.9) | ||||
| Blood transfusion | Yes | 4 (1.0) | 3 (0.9) | 1 (1.2) | 0.847 | 2 (0.9) | 2 (1.1) | 0.874 | 3 (1.4) | 1 (0.5) | 0.985 |
| No | 404 (99.0) | 319 (99.1) | 85 (21.0) | 218 (99.1) | 186 (98.9) | 215 (98.6) | 189 (99.5) | ||||
| Incision grade | 0 and I | 138 (33.8) | 101 (31.4) | 37 (43.0) | 0.042 | 77 (35.0) | 61 (32.4) | 0.587 | 53 (24.3) | 85 (44.7) | 0.000 |
| II or over | 270 (66.2) | 221 (68.6) | 49 (57.0) | 143 (65.0) | 127 (67.6) | 165 (75.7) | 105 (55.3) | ||||
| Use of ventilator | Yes | 54 (13.2) | 47 (14.6) | 7 (8.1) | 0.116 | 31 (14.1) | 23 (12.2) | 0.581 | 38 (17.4) | 16 (8.4) | 0.007 |
| No | 354 (86.8) | 275 (85.4) | 79 (91.9) | 189 (85.9) | 165 (87.8) | 180 (82.6) | 174 (91.6) | ||||
| Additional surgery | Yes | 241 (59.1) | 191 (59.3) | 50 (58.1) | 0.844 | 138 (62.7) | 103 (54.8) | 0.104 | 121 (55.5) | 120 (63.2) | 0.117 |
| No | 167 (40.9) | 131 (40.7) | 36 (41.9) | 82 (37.3) | 85 (45.2) | 97 (44.5) | 70 (36.8) | ||||
Notes: LC laparoscopic cholecystectomy; SFI spine fusion implantation; TL thoracoscopic lobectomy