Table 1.

Summary of the key characteristics of included studies (N=10).

Study (author, year, country)	Study design and methods	Inclusion criteria	Interventions	Outcomes	Reported results
Morillo-Verdugo et al [36], 2018, Spain	Randomized controlled trial	Aged >35 years; on antiretroviral therapy with at least 1 drug prescribed for the treatment of hypertension, dyslipidemia, angina pectoris, cardiovascular prophylaxis, or type 2 diabetes mellitus; and at a moderate or high risk of cardiovascular disease	Periodic text messages on mobile phones	Cardiovascular risk index, smoking reduction, blood pressure control, and medication adherence	20.7% of patients in the intervention group vs 12.5% of patients in the control group reduced their Framingham risk score from high/very high to moderate/low (P=.02), and the number of patients with controlled blood pressure increased by 32.1% (P=.01). 37.9% of patients overall stopped smoking (P=.001).
Anglada-Martinez et al [35], 2016, Spain	Single-arm, prospective pre- and postintervention study	Patients on treatment for heart failure, hypertension, or dyslipidemia for >1 month and those aged >18 years	Medplan smartphone app and weekly motivational messages	Medication adherence, cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood pressure control	The proportion of missed doses decreased significantly for patients using the Medplan app (P<.05). There was no difference in the health outcomes of patients.
Roos et al [37], 2014, South Africa	Randomized controlled trial	On antiretroviral therapy for >6 months, aged 20-65 years, ambulatory without assistive device, and had an elevated risk of ischemic heart disease	Pedometer, activity diary that included education materials and documents for self-monitoring, and 1 monthly cell phone SMS message for motivation	The pedometer step count of both groups improved significantly.	The pedometer step counts of the control and intervention groups improved significantly (P=.03 for both groups) at 6 months, but this improvement was not significant at 12 months (P=.33 and P=.21, respectively). Significant between-group effects were observed in 6-minute walk test distances (P=.01), waist-to-hip ratios (P<.01), glucose levels (P<.01), and high-density lipoprotein levels (P<.01) over the 12-month period.
Zuniga et al [38], 2019, United States of America	1-group pre- and posttest design	Aged >18 years and had HIV and type 2 diabetes mellitus	6-hour educational instruction implemented as 2 3-hour meetings followed byweekly telephone support calls for 6 weeks	Diabetes self-management skills and knowledge about HIV or diabetes	There was a 34% increase in diabetes self-management skills from pretest to posttest, but there were no changes in knowledge about HIV or diabetes.
Grinspoon [40], 2006, United States of America	Randomized case control study	Aged 18 to 65 years and had 3 of the following 5 characteristics: (1) waist circumferences of >102 cm (40 in) for men and >88 cm (35 in) in women; (2) triglyceride levels of ≥150 mg/dL or current antilipolytic drug treatment; (3) high-density lipoprotein levels of <40 mg/dL for men and <50 mg/dL for women; (4) blood pressure of ≥130/85 mmHg or current antihypertensive drug treatment; and (5) fasting glucose level of ≥110 mg/dL	1-time counseling session with nutrition staff at the baseline visit and monthly unscripted phone calls	Waist-hip ratios and cardiovascular indices (total cholesterol; low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride cholesterol levels; blood pressure; cardiac enzymes; C-reactive protein; tissue plasminogen activator; plasminogen activator inhibitor; insulin; and glucose metabolism)	The results of the study have yet to be published.
Jaggers et al [41], 2013, United States of America	Randomized controlled trial	Aged >18 years, had a sedentary lifestyle, had a viral load of >75 copies/mL, was capable of performing required exercise regimen, and had daily access to a telephone for approximately 10 months	Home-based physical activity intervention: The intervention included a 60-min, individual, face-to-face session; telephone counselling calls; and educational workbooks and pedometers for the self-monitoring of physical activity.	The effect of the intervention in terms of decreasing modifiable risk factors and increasing physical activity among people living with HIV and the effect of the intervention in terms of decreasing modifiable risk factors, such as fat distribution, blood lipids, and cardiorespiratory fitness outcomes, were assessed.	The findings of the study have yet to be published.
Brooke [42], 2017, United States of America	Randomized controlled trial	People living with HIV	Personalized, automated, interactive mobile phone text message intervention	Physical activity and dietary assessments; polyunsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, and other biomarkers in plasma; and total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high- and low-density cholesterol	The study is still ongoing.
Dodson et al [43], 2016, Australia	Cluster randomized controlled trial	Aged >30 years, was receiving care from a participating doctor, was not diagnosed with cardiovascular disease, and had not participated previously in an HIV-specific self- management or coaching program	Health map website for (1) routine clinic visits involving the sharing of health records with a doctor; (2) access to own health record and information from home; (3) access to telephone and web-based self-management support; and (4) access to a peer-moderated, web-based group chat program.	10-year risk of nonfatal acute myocardial infarction or coronary heart disease death, as estimated by a Framingham Heart Study risk equation and the Positive and Active Engagement in Life Scale from the Health Education Impact Questionnaire	The findings of the study have yet to be published.
Oduor et al [44], 2018, Kenya	Contextual user interviews	Patients living with HIV and hypertension	Integrated desktop and mobile app	Improved efficacy, safety, and personalization of medication prescription	Descriptive study
Kengne [45], 2019, South Africa	Randomized controlled trial	Adult South Africans with comorbid HIV and hypertension	Automated text messaging	Mean difference in systolic and diastolic blood pressure at baseline and follow-up, uptake and adherence to blood pressure medications, mean change in lipid variables, and mean change in adiposity variables	The results of this study have yet to be published.