Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs are shown in a forest plot for studies (8, 11, 95-107) reporting male risk, compared to female risk, for death in longitudinal (and not cross-sectional) analysis of individuals with AD. Overall HR with 95% CI shown in bold indicates increased risk of male mortality (male, HR 1.63, CI 1.45 to 1.84; P < 0.0001). WHICAP, Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project; CSHA, Canadian Study of Health and Aging; EDAC, Evolution of Dementia of the Alzheimer-type and Caregiver burden; AgeCoDe, Aging, Cognition, and Dementia in Primary Care Patients.