Table 3.

Summary statistics.

Source: Authors’ estimation

Variable	Mean	Median	Mode	Range	Variance	SD	Skewness	Kurtosis
rem	10.61	10.97	2.38	19.55	38.48	6.20	0.03	− 1.62
gdp	18,894.54	17,379.72	8097.37	28,669.31	75,172,686.75	8670.22	0.54	− 0.93
ner	50.83	46.63	35.64	36.43	104.01	10.20	0.66	− 0.83
oil	57.60	54.95	11.09	111.15	1047.65	32.37	0.43	− 0.94
usg	15,258.12	15,436.04	11,096.98	8124.99	4,515,768.27	2125.03	− 0.07	− 0.78
ird	4.31	3.69	− 0.50	10.80	5.25	2.29	0.47	− 0.45
inf	4.57	4.24	− 2.16	18.49	13.90	3.73	0.78	0.36
smd	0.004	0.003	− 0.24	0.53	0.01	0.09	0.11	0.87