Table 1.
Demographics and Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants
| Characteristic | CHAMP (N=75) | Control (N=76) |
|---|---|---|
| Age at enrollment, mean (SD) | 52.8 (17.3) | 54.4 (16.5) |
| Female, n (%) | 40 (53%) | 40 (53%) |
| Comorbidity, n (%) | ||
| Chronic pain (> 1 opioid prescription during study) | 60 (80%) | 65 (86%) |
| Substance use disorder* | 42 (56%) | 32 (42%) |
| COPD | 39 (52%) | 39 (51%) |
| CHF | 37 (49%) | 42 (55%) |
| Chronic kidney disease (any stage) | 36 (48%) | 44 (58%) |
| Prescribed SSRI/SNRI during study period | 27 (36%) | 19 (25%) |
| Sickle cell disease | 7 (9%) | 6 (8%) |
| Insurance status at enrollment† | ||
| Medicaid/Medicaid replacement only | 17 (23%) | 20 (26%) |
| Medicare/Medicare advantage only | 26 (34%) | 32 (42%) |
| Dual-eligible (Medicare/Medicaid) | 5 (7%) | 7 (9%) |
| Private insurance | 15 (20%) | 8 (11%) |
| No insurance identified | 27 (36%) | 27 (36%) |
| Other social determinants | ||
| Self-identified as Black/Indigenous/person of Color (BIPOC) | 46 (61%) | 44 (58%) |
| Self-identified as Hispanic | 6 (8%) | 6 (8%) |
| Area Deprivation Index, national percentile (range) ‡ | 45 (2–93) | 53 (2–99) |
Abbreviations: CHF, congestive heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; SNRI, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
*Determined by presence of ICD-10 code for substance use disorders or the prescription of either buprenorphine or methadone during the study period
†Columns do not add to 100% as patients can report multiple types of insurance at one time
‡An estimate of socioeconomic disparity based on zip code listed at enrollment; higher scores correspond to a higher degree of deprivation