Fig. 5.

The effects of β‐catenin knockdown on the formation of VM and cellular behaviors. (A) β‐Catenin knockdown inhibited the VM phenotype and reduced the tubular networks of MDA‐MB‐231 cells in 3DM. Scale bars: 200 μm (top); 100 μm (bottom). (B) Western blot analysis of VE‐cadherin of scramble control and β‐catenin knockdown (shβ‐cat1 and shβ‐cat2) groups. (C) Pyrvinium significantly reduced VM formation of MDA‐MB‐231 cells in 3DMs. Scale bars: 200 μm. (D) IC₅₀ of 2D cultured MDA‐MB‐231 cells to TM after β‐catenin knockdown (*P < 0.05). (E) Wound healing assays revealed that knockdown of β‐catenin inhibited cells migration (*P < 0.05). Statistical significance was determined for experimental data by using the Student's t‐test. Error bars indicate SEM. All experiments were repeated three times.