TABLE 1.
CAR‐NK cell‐based therapy for human cancers (in vitro and in vivo reports)
| Condition | Target antigen | Results (ref) |
|---|---|---|
| Hematological malignancies | ||
|
ALL AML |
CD7 | Induction of specific targeting effect against CD7‐positive leukemic cells in vitro62 |
| MM | CS1 |
Induction of MM cytolysis and IFN‐γ production in vitro12 Inhibition of the growth of human IM9 MM cells leading to the prolonged survival rate of a xenograft mice model12 |
|
MM BL |
CD38 | Cytotoxicity against CD38‐positive cells in vitro9 |
| AML | CD33 | Verifying the feasibility and safety of CD33‐CAR‐NK cells in patients with AML13 |
| B‐ALL | CD19 |
NK cell degranulation and selective cytotoxicity toward leukemic cells in vitro11, 63 Inhibition of B‐ALL progress in NOD‐SCID IL2R γnull mice11 |
| AML | CD4 |
Eradication of CD4‐expressing AML cell lines in vitro41 Potent anti‐leukemic activities in a systemic AML murine model41 |
| B‐ALL | FLT3 | Suppression of B‐ALL development in a xenograft model in NOD‐SCID IL2R γnull mice8 |
| NHL | CD20 | Promoted cytotoxicity against CD20‐positive NHL cells in vitro48 |
| Solid tumors | ||
|
Breast cancer Gastric cancer Glioblastoma |
EGFR family |
Suppression of breast tumor cell proliferation in mice models51 Eradication of small but not larger gastric tumor xenografts64 Anti‐tumors activities in glioblastoma xenograft models in NSG mice65 |
| Colorectal cancer | EpCAM | Inhibition of tumor development in a xenograft model when used in combination with regorafenib66 |
|
Ovarian cancer Liver cancer |
Glypican‐3 |
Improvement of the overall survival of the mouse xenograft model of ovarian cancer67 Reduction in liver tumor growth and promotion of tumor cells apoptosis in liver tumor xenograft models58 |
| Ovarian cancer | αFR | Improved survival of tumor‐bearing mice by inhibition of tumor growth54 |
| Liver cancer | CD147 | Stimulation of the specific elimination of CD147‐positive tumor cells in transgenic mice model68 |
| Pancreatic cancer | Robo1 | Eliciting of specific anti‐tumor effects in an orthotopic nude mouse model69 |
|
Ovarian cancer Lung cancer Liver cancer |
NKG2D ligand |
Induction of anti‐tumor functions in ovarian cancer xenografts56 Showing the synergistic therapeutic efficacy in combination with CD73 targeting toward CD73‐positive lung cancer xenograft models70 Inhibition of tumor growth in liver cancer xenografts59 |
Abbreviations: ALL, Acute lymphoblastic leukemia; AML, Acute myeloid leukemia; BL, Burkitt Lymphoma; CAR‐NK, Chimeric antigen receptor‐expressing natural killer cell; EGFR, Epidermal growth factor receptor; EpCAM, Epithelial cell adhesion molecule; FLT3, FMS‐like tyrosine kinase 3; IFNγ, Interferon gamma; MM, Multiple myeloma; NHL, Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma; NKG2D, Natural killer group 2 member D; Robo1, Roundabout homolog 1; αFR, Folate receptor alpha.