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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Int. 2021 Jul 19;156:106727. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106727

Table 2.

Results of multilevel linear regression models of log concentrations of key phthalates and phthalate alternatives (as determined by principal component analysis) in silicone wristbands worn by office workers in the USA, UK, China, and India.

Variable Phthalates Phthalate Alternatives
DiBP DINP DEP DEHA DEHT TOTM
% Change p % Change p % Change p % Change p % Change p % Change p
Country (Ref: United States)
United Kingdom −1.48% 0.95 −58.6% ** 0.0044 10.10% 0.84 −40.4%. 0.096 −16.60% 0.59 50.70% 0.25
China 289% *** <0.0001 −60.3% ** 0.0049 45.40% 0.45 −67.7% ** 0.0015 −13.20% 0.7 −57.5% * 0.028
India 254% *** <0.0001 −12.90% 0.65 1420% *** <0.0001 6.96% 0.83 36.90% 0.37 97.3%. 0.068
Year of Building Construction −0.07% 0.81 0.10% 0.79 1.12%. 0.062 0.01% 0.97 −0.61% 0.16 −0.26% 0.56
Vinyl Flooring in Workstation 127% * 0.011 −6.91% 0.86 −22% 0.63 24.10% 0.55 −36.80% 0.3 33.10% 0.56
Wore Clothes With Scented Wash 9.67% 0.46 19.60% 0.31 0.71% 0.97 55.1% ** 0.0017 33.6%. 0.1 34.40% 0.15
Latent Class (Ref: Minimal Product Users)
Deodorant Users −1.38% 0.91 −17.50% 0.28 52.4% * 0.026 4.53% 0.74 −8.81% 0.59 −30.5%. 0.079
Perfume and Makeup Users 14.80% 0.35 −21% 0.26 83.9% ** 0.0066 −0.64% 0.97 −5.96% 0.76 −41.9% * 0.027
Average # Times Hands Washed 4.52% 0.34 1.04% 0.87 −6.01% 0.38 2.20% 0.66 −4.02% 0.52 −10% 0.17
Wore Wristband Under Sleeve −6.10% 0.58 −7.85% 0.62 14.10% 0.45 −6.18% 0.61 −20.90% 0.15 −13.40% 0.45

Note: Model outcomes were log-transformed before analysis, so model estimates were transformed to percent differences.