Table 1.
Participants’ characteristic according to quartiles of PDI
|
Characteristics |
PDI | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 (n = 8367) | Quartile 2 (n = 8232) | Quartile 3 (n = 11257) | Quartile 4 (n = 10129) | P value | |
| Men, n (% ) | 3806 (45.49) | 3232 (39.26) | 3988 (35.43) | 3911 (38.61) | <0.001 |
| Age (years) (mean ± SD) | 52.56 ± 13.90 | 55.58 ± 12.40 | 57.12 ± 11.36 | 56.72 ± 10.90 | <0.001 |
| Education levels, n (%) | |||||
| Primary school or below | 2913 (34.81) | 3665 (44.52) | 5679 (50.45) | 4837 (47.75) | <0.001 |
| Junior high school | 3555 (42.49) | 3260 (39.60) | 4234 (37.61) | 4022 (39.71) | |
| Senior high school or above | 1899 (22.70) | 1307 (15.88) | 1344 (11.94) | 1270 (12.54) | |
| Per capita monthly income, n (%) | |||||
| < 500 RMB | 2336 (27.92) | 2840 (34.50) | 4396 (39.05) | 4029 (39.78) | <0.001 |
| 500 ~ RMB | 2632 (31.46) | 2819 (34.24) | 3850 (34.20) | 3240 (31.99) | |
| 1000 ~ RMB | 3399 (40.62) | 2573 (31.26) | 3011 (26.75) | 2860 (28.23) | |
| Physical activity | |||||
| Low | 2672 (31.93) | 2655 (32.25) | 3650 (32.43) | 3327 (32.84) | 0.171 |
| Moderate | 3160 (37.77) | 3106 (37.73) | 4277 (37.99) | 3791 (37.43) | |
| High | 2535 (30.30) | 2471 (30.02) | 3330 (29.58) | 3011 (29.73) | |
| Marital status, n (%) | |||||
| Married/cohabiting | 7497 (89.60) | 7383 (89.69) | 10004 (88.87) | 9190 (90.73) | <0.001 |
| Single/divorced/widowed | 870 (10.40) | 849 (10.31) | 1253 (11.13) | 939 (9.27) | |
| Tobacco smoking, n (%) | |||||
| Never | 5685 (67.95) | 5950 (72.28) | 8534 (75.81) | 7524 (74.28) | <0.001 |
| Former | 725 (8.66) | 666 (8.09) | 847 (7.52) | 830 (8.20) | |
| Current smoker | 1957 (23.39) | 1616 (19.63) | 1876 (16.67) | 1775 (17.52) | |
| Alcohol drinking, n (%) | |||||
| Never | 5849 (69.90) | 6320 (76.77) | 9113 (80.95) | 8130 (80.26) | <0.001 |
| Former | 439 (5.25) | 393 (4.78) | 452 (4.02) | 467 (4.61) | |
| Current drinker | 2079 (24.85) | 1519 (18.45) | 1692 (15.03) | 1532 (15.13) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 2590 (30.95) | 2727 (33.17) | 3773 (33.53) | 3300 (32.61) | 0.001 |
| Family history of diabetes, n (%) | 360 (4.30) | 358 (4.35) | 458 (4.07) | 417 (4.12) | 0.723 |
| BMI (kg/m2) (mean ± SD) | 24.80 ± 3.53 | 24.84 ± 3.57 | 24.83 ± 3.57 | 24.86 ± 3.59 | 0.747 |
| Animal food group, mean ± SD | |||||
| Livestock (g/day) | 56.12 ± 41.87 | 31.33 ± 32.95 | 20.01 ± 25.05 | 18.66 ± 22.96 | <0.001 |
| Poultry (g/day) | 24.73 ± 18.68 | 12.96 ± 14.68 | 8.10 ± 11.12 | 7.53 ± 10.26 | <0.001 |
| Fish (g/day) | 7.92 ± 6.73 | 3.63 ± 5.01 | 2.11 ± 3.58 | 1.81 ± 3.03 | <0.001 |
| Egg (g/day) | 71.15 ± 49.19 | 62.68 ± 44.85 | 46.87 ± 40.30 | 44.63 ± 39.44 | <0.001 |
| Dairy (g/day) | 26.98 ± 24.76 | 13.90 ± 21.14 | 6.24 ± 15.18 | 4.44 ± 12.85 | <0.001 |
| Plant food group, mean ± SD | |||||
| Staple food (g/day) | 385.98 ± 133.76 | 390.79 ± 134.81 | 410.91 ± 130.08 | 449.42 ± 142.00 | <0.001 |
| Fruits (g/day) | 134.09 ± 115.84 | 121.03 ± 120.38 | 116.35 ± 121.39 | 178.91 ± 162.03 | <0.001 |
| Vegetables (g/day) | 291.46 ± 160.11 | 287.87 ± 160.82 | 297.94 ± 164.81 | 368.51 ± 195.84 | <0.001 |
| Beans (g/day) | 27.13 ± 29.59 | 25.45 ± 29.84 | 24.66 ± 30.74 | 46.16 ± 42.68 | <0.001 |
| Nuts (g/day) | 12.39 ± 16.75 | 12.00 ± 17.59 | 11.85 ± 18.07 | 24.54 ± 26.10 | <0.001 |
| Cereal (g/day) | 43.07 ± 44.82 | 47.23 ± 51.31 | 49.28 ± 54.44 | 89.67 ± 77.92 | <0.001 |
| Pickles (g/day) | 3.52 ± 15.48 | 3.08 ± 14.18 | 3.33 ± 36.75 | 4.86 ± 37.59 | <0.001 |
Values are presented as mean ± SD for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables.
PDI, plant‐based diet index; BMI, body mass index; RMB, renminbi; SD, standard deviation.