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. 2021 Aug 2;129(6):669–683. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.318577

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© 2021 The Authors.

Circulation Research is published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited, the use is noncommercial, and no modifications or adaptations are made.

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.

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Figure 1. — Cardiac-specific loss of SRSF4 (serine/arginine splicing factor 4) leads to left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy.A and B, Representative M-mode short axis view echocardiography of control (A) and SRSF4 KO (B) left ventricles at 10 mo of age. C and D, Echocardiography analysis of LV wall thickness (C) and cardiac mass normalized to body weight (D). Data are shown as mean±SEM. Symbols represent individual animals (biological replicates). E, Representative whole hearts from 10-month-old control and KO mice. F, Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and Myh7 mRNA in control and SRSF4 KO hearts. n=4 mice per group in all groups except SRSF4 KO mice at 4 mol/L, which was n=5. C, D, and F, Data are shown as mean±SEM. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 for SRSF4 KO (red) vs control (gray). Two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni correction; M, months. G, Representative myocardial sections from 2- and 4-month-old mice, stained with tetramethylrhodamine-conjugated wheat-germ agglutinin (red) and DAPI (blue). Scale bar: 100 µm. H, Quantification of cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area (CSA). Each symbol represents the CSA average of one mouse. Data are shown as mean±SEM. *P<0.05 SRSF4 KO vs control. Two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni posttest. AW indicates anterior wall; and PW, posterior wall.