Table 1.
Characteristics of case participants with COVID-19 after their first or second vaccination and vaccinated control participants without COVID-19 in the risk factor analysis
|
Cases 1 |
Cases 2 |
Controls 1 |
Controls 2 |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n=6030) | 18–59 years (n=3931) | ≥60 years (n=2099) | Total (n=2370) | 18–59 years (n=1336) | ≥60 years (n=1034) | Total (n=6030) | 18–59 years (n=4196) | ≥60 years (n=1834) | Total (n=2370) | 18–59 years (n=1499) | ≥60 years (n=871) | ||
| Demographics | |||||||||||||
| Sex | |||||||||||||
| Female | 3766 (62·5%) | 2565 (65·3%) | 1201 (57·2%) | 1451 (61·2%) | 882 (66·0%) | 569 (55·0%) | 3766 (62·5%); p=1·0 | 2764 (65·9%) p=0·66 | 1002 (54·6%) p=1·0 | 1451 (61·2%) p=1·0 | 971 (64·8%) p=0·49 | 480 (55·1%) p=0·96 | |
| Male | 2264 (37·5%) | 1366 (34·7%) | 898 (42·8%) | 919 (38·8%) | 454 (34·0%) | 465 (45·0%) | 2264 (37·5%) | 1432 (34·1%) | 832 (45·4%) | 919 (38·8%) | 528 (35·2%) | 391 (44·9%) | |
| Age, years | 50·2 (14·1) | 42·3 (9·5) | 65·0 (8·4) | 52·9 (13·5) | 43·9 (9·9) | 64·5 (7·4) | 51·7 (14·5); p<0·0001 | 44·2 (9·6); p<0·0001 | 68·9 (7·1); p<0·0001 | 54·0 (13·1); p<0·0001 | 46·2 (9·3); p<0·0001 | 67·4 (5·8); p<0·0001 | |
| Body-mass index, kg/m2 | 27·0 (6·5) | 27·0 (6·6) | 27·0 (6·4) | 26·9 (6·7) | 27·2 (7·0) | 26·6 (6·2) | 26·7 (6·9); p=0·0074 | 26·9 (7·1); p=0·20 | 26·2 (6·4); p=0·37 | 26·7 (6·8); p=0·77 | 27·0 (7·3); p=0·34 | 26·2 (6·0); p=0·16 | |
| Health-care worker | 792 (13·1%) | 563 (14·3%) | 229 (10·9%) | 226 (9·5%) | 171 (12·8%) | 55 (5·3%) | 791 (13·1%); p=1·0 | 688 (16·4%); p=0·0098 | 103 (5·6%); p<0·0001 | 226 (9·5%); p=1·0 | 189 (12·6%); p=0·82 | 37 (4·2%); p=0·20 | |
| Vaccine type | |||||||||||||
| BNT162b2 | 2478 (41·1%) | 1610 (41·0%) | 868 (41·4%) | 779 (32·9%) | 415 (31·1%) | 364 (35·2%) | 2707 (44·9%); p<0·0001 | 1848 (44·0%); p=0·0050 | 859 (46·8%); p=0·0006 | 893 (37·7%); p<0·0001 | 538 (35·9%); p=0·0016 | 355 (40·8%); p=0·0004 | |
| ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 | 3359 (55·7%) | 2155 (54·8%) | 1204 (57·4%) | 1557 (65·7%) | 896 (67·1%) | 661 (63·9%) | 3046 (50·5%); p<0·0001 | 2104 (50·1%); p<0·0001 | 942 (51·4%); p=0·0002 | 1411 (59·5%); p<0·0001 | 903 (60·2%); p=0·0026 | 508 (58·3%); p=0·0004 | |
| mRNA-1273 | 86 (1·4%) | 86 (2·2%) | 0 | 1 (<0·1%) | 1 (0·1%) | 0 | 101 (1·7%); p=0·30 | 100 (2·4%); p=0·60 | 1 (0·1%);p=0·46 | 41 (1·7%); p=0·62 | 41 (2·7%); p=0·62 | 0* | |
| Not sure | 107 (1·8%) | 80 (2·0%) | 27 (1·3%) | 33 (1·4%) | 24 (1·8%) | 9 (0·9%) | 176 (2·9%); p<0·0001 | 144 (3·4%); p=0·0001 | 32 (1·7%); p=0·24 | 25 (1·1%); p=0·70 | 17 (1·1%); p=0·54 | 8 (0·9%); p=1·0 | |
| Comorbidities | |||||||||||||
| Cancer | 65 (1·1%) | 14 (0·4%) | 51 (2·4%) | 23 (1·0%) | 8 (0·6%) | 15 (1·5%) | 85 (1·4%); p=0·12 | 16 (0·4%); p=1·0 | 69 (3·8%); p=0·016 | 29 (1·2%); p=0·15 | 5 (0·3%);p=1·0 | 24 (2·8%); p=0·029 | |
| Diabetes | 172 (2·9%) | 57 (1·5%) | 115 (5·5%) | 78 (3·3%) | 30 (2·2%) | 48 (4·6%) | 204 (3·4%); p=0·10 | 96 (2·3%); p=0·0055 | 108 (5·9%); p=0·58 | 76 (3·2%); p=0·21 | 30 (2·0%); p=0·38 | 46 (5·3%); p=0·26 | |
| Lung disease | 645 (10·7%) | 412 (10·5%) | 233 (11·1%) | 282 (11·9%) | 169 (12·6%) | 113 (10·9%) | 627 (10·4%); p=0·61 | 470 (11·2%); p=0·30 | 157 (8·6%); p=0·0087 | 249 (10·5%); p=0·82 | 169 (11·3%); p=0·82 | 80 (9·2%); p=0·37 | |
| Heart disease | 208 (3·4%) | 34 (0·9%) | 174 (8·3%) | 87 (3·7%) | 16 (1·2%) | 71 (6·9%) | 228 (3·8%); p=0·35 | 48 (1·1%); p=0·22 | 180 (9·8%); p=0·10 | 92 (3·9%); p=0·33 | 21 (1·4%); p=0·099 | 71 (8·2%); p=0·49 | |
| Kidney disease | 61 (1·0%) | 23 (0·6%) | 38 (1·8%) | 27 (1·1%) | 12 (0·9%) | 15 (1·5%) | 54 (0·9%); p=0·57 | 27 (0·6%); p=0·78 | 27 (1·5%); p=0·45 | 17 (0·7%); p=0·57 | 8 (0·5%);p=1·0 | 9 (1·0%); p=0·41 | |
| Asthma | 883 (14·6%) | 600 (15·3%) | 283 (13·5%) | 385 (16·2%) | 242 (18·1%) | 143 (13·8%) | 851 (14·1%); p=0·42 | 649 (15·5%); p=0·80 | 202 (11·0%); p=0·020 | 318 (13·4%); p=0·045 | 219 (14·6%); p=0·52 | 99 (11·4%); p=0·11 | |
| Frailty | 260 (4·3%) | 70 (1·8%) | 190 (9·1%) | 90 (3·8%) | 31 (2·3%) | 59 (5·7%) | 301 (5·0%); p=0·080 | 105 (2·5%); p=0·027 | 196 (10·7%); p=0·086 | 95 (4·0%); p=0·034 | 32 (2·1%); p=0·20 | 63 (7·2%); p=0·031 | |
| Presence of at least one comorbidity | 1322 (21·9%) | 731 (18·6%) | 591 (28·2%) | 582 (24·6%) | 307 (23·0%) | 275 (26·6%) | 1349 (22·4%); p=0·57 | 817 (19·5%); p=0·32 | 532 (29·0%); p=0·57 | 504 (21·3%); p=0·50 | 275 (18·3%); p=0·62 | 229 (26·3%); p=0·80 | |
| Index of Multiple Deprivation | |||||||||||||
| Low (1–3) | 1216 (20·2%) | 819 (20·8%) | 397 (18·9%) | 436 (18·4%) | 261 (19·5%) | 175 (16·9%) | 1053 (17·5%); p=0·0002 | 793 (18·9%); p=0·030 | 260 (14·2%); p=0·013 | 393 (16·6%); p=0·53 | 287 (19·1%); p=0·63 | 106 (12·2%); p=0·023 | |
| Middle (4–7) | 2343 (38·9%) | 1559 (39·7%) | 784 (37·4%) | 899 (37·9%) | 517 (38·7%) | 382 (36·9%) | 2283 (37·9%); p=0·27 | 1624 (38·7%); p=0·39 | 659 (35·9%); p=0·37 | 915 (38·6%); p=0·72 | 581 (38·8%); p=0·25 | 334 (38·3%); p=0·81 | |
| High (8–10) | 2471 (41·0%) | 1553 (39·5%) | 918 (43·7%) | 1035 (43·7%) | 558 (41·8%) | 477 (46·1%) | 2694 (44·7%); p<0·0001 | 1779 (42·4%); p=0·0082 | 915 (49·9%); p=0·0001 | 1062 (44·8%); p=0·39 | 631 (42·1%); p=0·47 | 431 (49·5%); p=0·12 | |
| Healthy lifestyle† | |||||||||||||
| No current smoking | 3429/3519 (97·4%) | 2265/2337 (96·9%) | 1164/1182 (98·5%) | 1431/1455 (98·4%) | 828/844 (98·1%) | 603/611 (98·7%) | 3448/3550 (97·1%); p=0·42 | 2461/2549 (96·5%); p=0·47 | 987/1001 (98·6%); p=0·85 | 1431/1468 (97·5%); p=0·12 | 925/956 (96·8%); p=0·077 | 506/512 (98·8%); p=1·0 | |
| No obesity | 2654/3519 (75·4%) | 1756/2337 (75·1%) | 898/1182 (76·0%) | 1096/1455 (75·3%) | 615/844 (72·9%) | 481/611 (78·7%) | 2787/3550 (78·5%); p=0·0027 | 1967/2549 (77·2%); p=0·11 | 820/1001 (81·9%); p=0·0008 | 1141/1468 (77·7%); p=0·13 | 723/956 (75·6%); p=0·16 | 418/512 (81·6%); p=0·32 | |
| Healthier diet | 1284/3519 (36·5%) | 756/2337 (32·3%) | 528/1182 (44·7%) | 575/1455 (39·5%) | 278/844 (32·9%) | 297/611 (48·6%) | 1372/3550 (38·6%); p=0·062 | 887/2549 (34·8%); p=0·070 | 485/1001 (48·5%); p=0·085 | 625/1468 (42·6%); p=0·098 | 370/956 (38·7%); p=0·012 | 255/512 (49·8%); p=0·72 | |
| Not sedentary | 2845/3519 (80·8%) | 1903/2337 (81·4%) | 942/1182 (79·7%) | 1196/1455 (82·2%) | 679/844 (80·5%) | 517/611 (84·6%) | 2831/3550 (79·7%); p=0·24 | 2033/2549 (79·8%); p=0·13 | 798/1001 (79·7%); p=0·96 | 1180/1468 (80·4%); p=0·22 | 768/956 (80·3%); p=0·95 | 412/512 (80·5%); p=0·023 | |
| Healthy lifestyle score | 2·9 (0·8) | 2·9 (0·8) | 3·0 (0·9) | 3·0 (0·8) | 2·9 (0·8) | 3·1 (0·8) | 2·9 (0·9); p=0·021 | 2·9 (0·9); p=0·17 | 3·1 (0·8); p=0·078 | 3·0 (0·9); p=0·11 | 2·9 (0·9); p=0·018 | 3·1 (0·8); p=0·44 | |
Data are n (%), n (%); p value, n/N (%), n/N (%); p value, or mean (SD). The p values indicate the difference between cases 1 and controls 1, or between cases 2 and controls 2, and were not adjusted for multiple testing.
*
Insufficient sample size to calculate p value.
†
We only included those who answered the relevant questionnaire in the healthy lifestyle factors analysis.