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. 2021 Jun 24;131(2):613–620. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01040.2020

Table 1.

Ocular and cardiovascular measurements by experimental condition

Preflight
Spaceflight
Seated Supine HDT Without LBNP LBNP
IOP, mmHg 14.4 (13.5–15.2) 15.6 (14.8–16.4) 18.6 (17.8–19.4) 15.6 (14.9–16.4) 14.2 (13.4–15.0)
Choroidal thickness, µm 339 (289–388) 340 (290–390) 344 (294–393) 374 (325–423) 381 (331–430)
Systolic BP, mmHg 117 (113–122) 114 (109–118) 119 (115–124) 124 (120–128) 119 (115–123)
Diastolic BP, mmHg 78 (74–83) 72 (67–76) 71 (67–76) 78 (74–82) 63 (59–68)
MAP, mmHg 93 (88–97) 86 (82–91) 87 (83–92) 93 (89–97) 82 (78–86)
Heart rate, beats/min 59 (56–62) 54 (51–57) 53 (50–56) 59 (56–62) 70 (67–73)

Marginal means for ocular and cardiovascular measures for each posture on the ground and during spaceflight, without and with application of LBNP. 95% CI is shown in parenthesis. Hand-calculated differences of the means may diverge slightly from the estimates of the statistical model reported in the results. BP, blood pressure; CI, confidence interval; HDT, head-down tilt; IOP, intraocular pressure; LBNP, lower body negative pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure.