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In response to leptin, the STAT3 pathway contributes to CEBPD/MCL1 activation. The activation of MCL1 protects GBC cells from gemcitabine-induced apoptosis through increased mitochondrial fusion and sustained mitochondrial function. The inhibitors of leptin, STAT3, or MCL1 can attenuate mitochondrial fusion and enhance sensitization of GBC cells to gemcitabine.
