Table 1.

Experimentally observed sizes of droplets generated in electrosprays

Analyte/solvent	Observed droplet size	Reference
Pure solvents (water, acetonitrile, n-heptane, n-octane, p-xylene)	25–35 μm with an observed droplet lifetime of 200–400 ms	Smith et al. [19] Grimm et al. [20]
Heptane	Up to 100 μm with 466 μL/min liquid flow rate, 5 μm with 4 μL/min liquid flow rate	Gomez and Tang [8]
Fluorescent dyes in acetonitrile	6 μm in positive mode, 20 μm in negative mode	Wortmann et al. [22]
Water/methanol solution with desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) emitter	Up to 10 μm with 2 μL/min liquid flow rate	Venter et al. [21]
Fluorescent dye in 20% methanol/water mixture	2 μm with 50 μL/min liquid flow rate	Girod et al. [24]