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. 2021 Apr 28;413(22):5535–5549. doi: 10.1007/s00216-021-03301-y

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Scheme of existing principles to integrate electrodes into LFS: A electrodes underneath NC with the different electrode orientations (i and ii), B electrodes placed above the NC with the electroactive surface facing downwards, C NC membrane positioned in between the stacked electrodes in a two-electrode configuration, D cutting of the test zone and performing electrochemical measurement off-strip, and E types of electrodes and modifications which were demonstrated in developing EC-LFA