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. 2021 Sep 1;4:1021. doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-02478-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Cognitively declining and cognitively stable individuals with PD did not differ in their education levels (independent-sample t-test, p = 0.77). b Cognitively declining and cognitively stable individuals with PD did not differ on Movement Disorder-Society—Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale-III (MDS-UPRS-III) ratings (independent-sample t-test, p = 0.57). c Relative distributions of Hoehn and Yahr stages for each clinical group did not differ (chi-squared test, p = 0.48). d Patients in the cognitively declining group experienced a decrease in their Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score across time points examined, whereas patients in the cognitively stable group did not experience changes in MoCA scores. Note that the data were jittered for visualization purposes. Comparisons reported here are between n = 37 cognitively declining individuals and n = 22 cognitively stable individuals. Error bars in panels A and B depict SEM.