Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with and without early neurological deterioration.
| No END (n = 148) |
END (n = 31) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y [IQR] | 69 [62–74] | 64 [58–72] | 0.139 |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 93 (62.8) | 15 (48.4) | 0.135 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 66 (44.6) | 11 (35.5) | 0.352 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 45 (30.4) | 10 (32.3) | 0.839 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 60 (40.5) | 16 (51.6) | 0.257 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 50 (33.8) | 11 (35.5) | 0.856 |
| Cancer type, n (%) | 0.605 | ||
| Lung | 46 (31.1) | 6 (19.4) | |
| Gastric/esophageal | 14 (9.5) | 3 (9.7) | |
| Colorectal | 8 (5.4) | 2 (6.5) | |
| Hepatobiliary | 43 (29.1) | 12 (38.7) | |
| Genitourinary | 28 (18.9) | 8 (25.8) | |
| Breast | 4 (2.7) | 0 (0) | |
| Others | 5 (3.4) | 0 (0) | |
| Systemic metastasis, n (%) | 85 (57.4) | 19 (61.3) | 0.692 |
| Adenocarcinoma, n (%) | 72 (55.8) | 21 (75.0) | 0.061 |
| Initial NIHSS score [IQR] | 4 [2–7] | 10 [6–17] | < 0.001 |
| Thrombolytic therapy, n (%) | 7 (4.7) | 6 (19.4) | 0.004 |
| HbA1c, % [IQR] | 6.0 [5.6–6.5] | 6.2 [5.8–6.8] | 0.095 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL [IQR] | 101 [88–110] | 108 [88–135] | 0.101 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL [IQR] | 159 [127–193] | 176 [148–213] | 0.078 |
| White blood cell, × 103/µL [IQR] | 7.37 [5.68–10.33] | 7.96 [6.03–10.36] | 0.299 |
| High sensitivity CRP, mg/dL [IQR] | 0.94 [0.18–5.54] | 2.29 [0.57–8.83] | 0.082 |
| D-dimer, µg/mL [IQR] | 1.89 [0.68–5.34] | 11.44 [2.66–21.07] | < 0.001 |
| MRI lesion pattern, n (%) | 0.024 | ||
| Single territory | 76 (51.4) | 9 (29.0) | |
| Multiple territory | 72 (48.6) | 22 (71.0) | |
| Periventricular WMH (Fazekas scale), [IQR] | 1 [0–2] | 1 [0–2] | 0.562 |
| Subcortical WMH (Fazekas scale), [IQR] | 0 [0–1] | 0 [0–0] | 0.314 |
| Severe WMH, n (%) | 31 (20.9) | 5 (16.1) | 0.543 |
| Silent brain infarct, n (%) | 45 (30.4) | 20 (64.5) | < 0.001 |
| Cerebral microbleeds, n (%) | 33 (22.3) | 8 (25.8) | 0.672 |
END = early neurological deterioration, NIHSS = National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, CRP = c-reactive protein, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging, WMH = white mater hyperintensity.