Table 3.

Patient health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) scores compared between preoperation and each follow-up visit until 1 year after surgery.

HRQoL score	Mean ± SD	P value
Pain VAS (0–100)
Preoperative (n = 30)	57.83 ± 22.84
3 months (n = 28)	26.25 ± 21.67	< 0.001*
6 months (n = 10)	25.5 ± 26.29	0.019
1 year (n = 6)	11.67 ± 9.83	0.03
ODI (0–100)
Preoperative (n = 30)	65.35 ± 17.09
3 months (n = 28)	48.33 ± 19.69	< 0.001*
6 months (n = 10)	37.27 ± 24.46	0.006*
1 year (n = 6)	28.59 ± 15.08	0.002*
EQ5D5L utility score (− 1 to 1)
Preoperative (n = 30)	0.40 ± 0.33
3 months (n = 28)	0.66 ± 0.32	< 0.001*
6 months (n = 10)	0.75 ± 0.36	0.116
1 year (n = 6)	0.92 ± 0.07	0.014*

*Indicates a statistically significant difference (p < 0.017) (alpha level was adjusted using Bonferroni method).

VAS, visual analog scale; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; EQ5D5L utility score, EuroQOL five-dimension five-level utility score.