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. 2021 Sep 1;11:17509. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-97116-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The sequential selection of observational views in multiple stages for 3D landmark pointing, considering the anatomical characteristics of landmarks. Blue points indicate reference points determined by clinical experts. (A–C) a multiple-staged directional sequence for right orbitale. (A) Anterior view, (B) right lateral view, and (C) sagittal cut left lateral view. (D–F) a multiple directional sequence for sella point. (D) Semi lateral 3D view with transparent half skull. (E) Sagittal cut right view, and (F) axial cut top view.