Fig. 1.

Neutrophil migration through purinergic pathway activation. Pannexin-1 (PNX-1) releases ATP (red balls), a danger, and “find me” signal. The increase in extracellular ATP potentiates neutrophil migration. ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP (pink balls) and ADP to AMP (yellow balls) by CD39. CD73 hydrolyzes AMP to adenosine (ADO) (purple balls). ATP recognizes P2X receptors and ATP/ADP/UTP/UDP binds P2Y₂ receptors in neutrophils, inducing cell activation via intracellular Ca²⁺ release. Besides, extracellular adenosine binds to two main receptors: A2a and A3. The responses elicited by ATP and adenosine generate a movement of “push and pull” that regulates neutrophil phenotype and orients it migration