Table 2. Comparison of basal characteristics and outcome rates by type of surgical procedure.
| Variable | Valve sparing procedure | Valve replacement procedure | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of subjects | 1,807 | 2,218 | N/A |
| Number of studies | 33 | 26 | N/A |
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 33.3±3.3 | 35.8±7.3 | 0.0057 |
| Male, n (%) | 1,067/1,634 (65.3) | 843/1,262 (66.8) | 0.4201 |
| Emergency surgery, n (%) | 93/1,313 (7.1) | 307/1,606 (19.1) | <0.001 |
| Aortic diameter (cm), mean ± SD | 5.2±0.4 | 6.2±0.7 | 0.0232 |
| Dissection, n (%)* | 165/1,597 (10.3) | 749/1,943 (38.5) | <0.001 |
| Aneurysm, n (%)* | 1,181/1,262 (93.6) | 1,189/1,547 (76.9) | <0.001 |
| Person-years, median (IQR) | 129.5 (81.6–260.9) | 242.5 (51.5–680.2) | 0.61 |
| Rates per 10,000 person-years (median, IQR) | |||
| In-hospital mortality | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–1.1) | 0.162 |
| Late mortality | 0.3 (0–2.8) | 2.3 (0–4.4) | 0.187 |
| Stroke | 0 (0–0.2) | 0.5 (0–1.1) | 0.084 |
| Acute myocardial infarction | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0.5) | 0.424 |
| Aortic insufficiency | 3.1 (1.3–6.3) | 0.4 (0–16.6) | 0.465 |
| Endocarditis | 0 (0–0) | 1.0 (0.3–3.6) | 0.002 |
| Thromboembolic events | 0 (0–0.2) | 1.5 (0.8–3.8) | 0.014 |
| Bleeding | 0.1 (0–1.9) | 2.2 (0.6–5.5) | 0.082 |
| Valve reintervention | 1.5 (0.1–6.3) | 0.8 (0–2.5) | 0.549 |
| Reoperation for bleeding | 3.0 (0.6–6.0) | 0.7 (0–2.4) | 0.303 |
| Aneurysm | 0.1 (0–0.5) | 1.0 (0.6–40.0) | 0.046 |
| Dissection | 0 (0–0.6) | 1.0 (0.5–1.8) | 0.126 |
| Arrhythmia | 1.2 (0.6–12.9) | 6.1 (1.1–32.2) | 0.436 |
| Survivors without stroke | 44.1 (35.0–70.0) | 25.5 (20.0–31.0) | ** |
| Survivors without acute myocardial infarction | 53.1 (43.8–89.0) | 25.5 (20.0–31.0) | ** |
| Survivors without aortic insufficiency | 57.7 (34.0–114.0) | 68.7 (38.3–99.1) | ** |
| Survivors without endocarditis | 79.0 (57.1–102.0) | 14.6 (12.2–16.7) | ** |
| Survivors without thromboembolic events | 152.7 (95.7–1596.8) | 26.7 (21.8–31.6) | ** |
| Survivors without bleeding | 77.5 (56.9–97.6) | 17.2 (13.4–26.8) | ** |
| Survivors without valve reintervention | 34.5 (25.6–86.3) | 38.9 (12.4–185.4) | 0.881 |
| Survivors without aneurysm | 53.1 (43.8–67.0) | 36.4 (24.2–468.0) | ** |
| Survivors without dissection | 43.8 (27.5–60.0) | 24.2 (18.1–30.3) | ** |
| Survivors without arrhythmia | 42.5 (38.2–46.9) | 846.6 (439.6–1,097.4) | ** |
*, the percentages of patients with dissection and aneurysm within groups do not add up to 100% because these categories are not mutually exclusive (i.e., patients could have had both conditions). Additionally, denominators are not similar because not all studies included both types of patients or did not make this distinction; **, no studies available for direct comparison of such outcomes between groups. N/A, not applicable; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range.