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. 2021 Aug;13(8):5242–5250. doi: 10.21037/jtd-2019-ipicu-04

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2021 Journal of Thoracic Disease. All rights reserved.

Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0.

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Hemothorax following thoracentesis. A 52-year-old patient with parapneumonic effusion underwent thoracentesis using an 8 French needle-catheter. The patient was started on therapeutic anticoagulation 24 hours post-procedure and developed hemorrhagic shock approximately 36 hours post-procedure. (A) Chest X-ray immediately following left sided thoracentesis. (B) Chest X-ray 36 hours after thoracentesis showing re-accumulation of fluid in the left pleural space. (C) Chest computed tomography scan with Hounsfield units consistent with hemothorax. The patient underwent video assisted thoracoscopic surgery that identified a bleeding intercostal vessel that was subsequently cauterized with Argon plasma coagulation.