Table 5.
Sensorimotor tests.
| TD (n = 23) | CP (n = 18) | HP (n = 12) | DP (n = 6) | MANOVA (CP vs. TD) | Effect size (Cohen’s d) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hand tests | ||||||
| Box and Block (blocks/min) | 72.2 ± 7.0 | 53.1 ± 12.1 | 51.3 ± 11.0 | 56.9 ± 14.6 | p < 0.001 | –1.4 |
| Stereognosis (correct answers) | 9.6 ± 0.7 | 8.3 ± 2.1 | 7.9 ± 2.4 | 9.1 ± 0.6 | p = 0.09 | –0.8 |
| Stereognosis (s) | 6.2 ± 2.6 | 12.6 ± 8.4 | 14.5 ± 9.9 | 8.8 ± 1.9 | p < 0.05 | 1.0 |
| Nine–Hole Peg (s) | 17.7 ± 1.8 | 31.3 ± 18.8 | 37.3 ± 20.4 | 19.3 ± 5.6 | p < 0.001 | 1.0 |
| 2–point discrimination(accuracy mm) | 2.4 ± 0.3 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 2.8 ± 0.8 | 2.5 ± 0.3 | p = 0.58 | 0.6 |
| Monofilaments (thicknes mm) | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | p = 0.73 | 0.3 |
| Kinesthesia (accuracy cm) | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 2.8 ± 0.6 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 2.8 ± 0.6 | p = 0.13 | 0.9 |
| Grip strength (kg) | 23.2 ± 6.4 | 16.7 ± 5.3 | 16.2 ± 4.0 | 17.6 ± 6.9 | p < 0.05 | –1.0 |
| Bottle opening (level) | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.8 ± 1.0 | 1.8 ± 0.8 | 1.6 ± 1.3 | p < 0.05 | 1.1 |
| Foot tests | ||||||
| Standing postural stability | ||||||
| Standing eyes open (mm/s) | 6.6 ± 3.2 | 9.6 ± 3.1 | 9.0 ± 2.7 | 11.0 ± 3.7 | p < 0.05 | 0.9 |
| Standing eyes closed (mm/s) | 7.5 ± 2.8 | 10.4 ± 3.2 | 9.4 ± 2.3 | 12.8 ± 4.0 | p < 0.05 | 0.9 |
| Feet together eyes open (mm/s) | 8.6 ± 3.2 | 12.3 ± 3.1 | 12.6 ± 3.5 | 11.5 ± 2.0 | p < 0.01 | 1.0 |
| Feet together eyes closed (mm/s) | 12.5 ± 4.1 | 17.2 ± 8.8 | 18.2 ± 9.8 | 14.7 ± 6.1 | p = 0.06 | 0.7 |
| Dynamic gait stability | ||||||
| Normal gait | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.07 ± 0.03 | 0.08 ± 0.03 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | p < 0.001 | 1.2 |
| Motor task constrained gait | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.07 ± 0.02 | 0.07 ± 0.03 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | p < 0.01 | 1.1 |
| Cognitive task constrained gait | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.07 ± 0.03 | 0.08 ± 0.03 | 0.06 ± 0.03 | p < 0.01 | 1.0 |
Group and CP subtype differences between single sensorimotor tests. Values are given as mean ± SD. MANOVA was performed between groups (CP vs TD). Post-hoc test significance values are shown for specific sensorimotor tests. Effect sizes are also shown for the between group difference for specific sensorimotor tests.