Table 2.
Dietary patterns by malnutrition status and sex among 3694 community-dwelling older adults
| All | Men | Women | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary patterns | Non-malnourished (n 3297) | Malnourished (n 397) | P* | Non-malnourished (n 1517) | Malnourished (n 293) | P* | Non-malnourished (n 1780) | Malnourished (n 104) | P* | ||||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||||
| DQI-I score (0–94) | 64⋅6 | 9⋅5 | 62⋅4 | 10⋅1 | <0⋅001 | 64⋅1 | 9⋅7 | 61⋅8 | 10⋅1 | <0⋅001 | 65⋅0 | 9⋅3 | 64⋅0 | 10⋅1 | 0⋅272 |
| DASH score (0–9) | 4⋅0 | 1⋅3 | 3⋅7 | 1⋅2 | <0⋅001 | 3⋅7 | 1⋅2 | 3⋅5 | 1⋅2 | 0⋅020† | 4⋅3 | 1⋅3 | 4⋅1 | 1⋅4 | 0⋅056 |
| MDS score (0–9) | 4⋅1 | 1⋅5 | 4⋅0 | 1⋅5 | 0⋅195 | 4⋅2 | 1⋅5 | 4⋅0 | 1⋅5 | 0⋅165 | 4⋅1 | 1⋅5 | 4⋅0 | 1⋅6 | 0⋅475 |
| Vegetable–fruit | 0⋅01 | 0⋅97 | −0⋅11 | 1⋅12 | 0⋅032† | −0⋅19 | 0⋅91 | −0⋅28 | 1⋅00 | 0⋅164 | 0⋅19 | 0⋅97 | 0⋅35 | 1⋅30 | 0⋅116 |
| Snack–drink– milk product | −0⋅01 | 1⋅01 | 0⋅00 | 0⋅97 | 0⋅932 | 0⋅19 | 1⋅02 | 0⋅09 | 1⋅02 | 0⋅108 | −0⋅17 | 0⋅96 | −0⋅25 | 0⋅77 | 0⋅426 |
| Meat–fish | −0⋅02 | 1⋅00 | 0⋅14 | 1⋅04 | 0⋅003 | 0⋅17 | 1⋅04 | 0⋅26 | 1⋅06 | 0⋅173 | −0⋅18 | 0⋅93 | −0⋅20 | 0⋅87 | 0⋅786 |
DQI-I, Diet Quality Index International; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; MDS, The Mediterranean Diet Score.
*
Independent t-test or Mann–Whitney U test as appropriate. P<0⋅008 were considered statistically significant after the Bonferroni correction and indicated in bold.
†
P < 0⋅05.