Table 3.
Association between dietary patterns and malnutrition in 3694 community-dwelling older adults
| Men | Women | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary patterns | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||||||||
| OR | 95% CI | P-trend | OR | 95% CI | P-trend | OR | 95% CI | P-trend | OR | 95% CI | P-trend | |
| DQI-I score | 0⋅001 | 0⋅005 | 0⋅214 | 0⋅215 | ||||||||
| T1 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| T2 | 0⋅90 | 0⋅67–1⋅22 | 0⋅93 | 0⋅65–1⋅32 | 0⋅68 | 0⋅42–1⋅10 | 0⋅67 | 0⋅38–1⋅18 | ||||
| T3 | 0⋅60 | 0⋅44–0⋅82 | 0⋅59 | 0⋅41–0⋅86 | 0⋅75 | 0⋅47–1⋅20 | 0⋅71 | 0⋅40–1⋅24 | ||||
| DASH score | 0⋅111 | 0⋅057 | 0⋅050 | 0⋅038* | ||||||||
| Low (≤4⋅0) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| High (≥4⋅5) | 0⋅79 | 0⋅59–1⋅06 | 0⋅73 | 0⋅53–1⋅01 | 0⋅67 | 0⋅45–1⋅00 | 0⋅61 | 0⋅38–0⋅97 | ||||
| MDS | 0⋅271 | 0⋅787 | 0⋅713 | 0⋅866 | ||||||||
| 0–3 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| 4–5 | 0⋅98 | 0⋅74–1⋅29 | 1⋅07 | 0⋅77–1⋅48 | 0⋅83 | 0⋅54–1⋅29 | 0⋅84 | 0⋅50–1⋅41 | ||||
| 6–9 | 0⋅79 | 0⋅55–1⋅15 | 1⋅05 | 0⋅67–1⋅62 | 0⋅95 | 0⋅55–1⋅65 | 1⋅14 | 0⋅59–2⋅19 | ||||
| Vegetable-fruit | 0⋅013* | 0⋅035* | 0⋅323 | 0⋅378 | ||||||||
| T1 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| T2 | 0⋅56 | 0⋅41–0⋅77 | 0⋅50 | 0⋅35–0⋅72 | 1⋅00 | 0⋅61–1⋅65 | 0⋅96 | 0⋅54–1⋅73 | ||||
| T3 | 0⋅70 | 0⋅52–0⋅94* | 0⋅70 | 0⋅50–0⋅99* | 1⋅27 | 0⋅79–2⋅05 | 1⋅28 | 0⋅73–2⋅26 | ||||
| Snack-drink- milk-product | 0⋅101 | 0⋅166 | 0⋅711 | 0⋅162 | ||||||||
| T1 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| T2 | 1⋅02 | 0⋅76–1⋅38 | 0⋅93 | 0⋅66–1⋅31 | 1⋅06 | 0⋅66–1⋅71 | 0⋅84 | 0⋅48–1⋅48 | ||||
| T3 | 0⋅77 | 0⋅56–1⋅05 | 0⋅77 | 0⋅53–1⋅11 | 0⋅91 | 0⋅56–1⋅49 | 0⋅64 | 0⋅34–1⋅20 | ||||
| Meat-fish | 0⋅138 | 0⋅023* | 0⋅902 | 0⋅297 | ||||||||
| T1 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| T2 | 1⋅05 | 0⋅77–1⋅44 | 1⋅07 | 0⋅75–1⋅54 | 0⋅85 | 0⋅52–1⋅40 | 1⋅01 | 0⋅57–1⋅79 | ||||
| T3 | 1⋅26 | 0⋅93–1⋅71 | 1⋅51 | 1⋅06–2⋅15* | 1⋅03 | 0⋅64–1⋅65 | 1⋅35 | 0⋅77–2⋅36 | ||||
CI, confidence interval; DQI-I, Diet Quality Index International; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; MDS, The Mediterranean Diet Score; OR, odds ratio; T1, first tertile; T2, second tertile; T3, third tertile.
Model 1: crude model; Model 2 (men): adjusted for age, BMI, current smoker (yes/no), current drinker (yes/no), being married (yes/no), subjective social status (community ladder), CSID category (normal/borderline/probable dementia), number of chronic diseases (0–1/ ≥2), depressive symptoms (yes/no), PASE score and daily energy intake; Model 2 (women): adjusted for age, BMI, education level (primary or below/secondary and above), subjective social status (community ladder), CSID category (normal/borderline/probable dementia), number of chronic diseases (0–1/ ≥2), PASE score and daily energy intake. P<0⋅008 were considered statistically significant after the Bonferroni correction and indicated in bold.
*P<0⋅05.