Table 1. Characteristics of Residents From 285 Surgical Residency Programs.
| Characteristic | Study groupa | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Unionized | Nonunionized | ||
| Residents | ||||
| No. of participants | 5701 | 690 | 5011 | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 3219 (56.5) | 383 (55.5) | 2836 (56.6) | |
| Female | 2339 (41.0) | 270 (39.1) | 2069 (41.3) | |
| Missing | 143 (2.5) | 37 (5.4) | 106 (2.1) | |
| Raceb | ||||
| White | 3779 (66.3) | 356 (51.6) | 3423 (68.3) | |
| Black | 283 (5.0) | 50 (7.2) | 233 (4.6) | |
| Asian | 1008 (17.7) | 161 (23.3) | 847 (16.9) | |
| Otherc | 577 (10.1) | 109 (15.8) | 468 (9.3) | |
| Prefer not to say | 281 (4.9) | 40 (5.8) | 241 (4.8) | |
| Hispanic ethnicity | ||||
| Yes | 449 (7.9) | 79 (11.4) | 370 (7.4) | |
| No | 4886 (85.7) | 553 (80.1) | 4333 (86.5) | |
| Prefer not to say or missing | 366 (6.4) | 58 (8.4) | 308 (6.1) | |
| Relationship status | ||||
| Married or in a relationship | 4239 (74.4) | 495 (71.7) | 3744 (74.7) | |
| Single, divorced, or widowed | 1437 (25.2) | 188 (27.2) | 1249 (24.9) | |
| Missing | 25 (0.4) | 7 (1.0) | 18 (0.4) | |
| Have or expecting children | ||||
| Yes | 1304 (22.9) | 139 (20.1) | 1165 (23.2) | |
| No | 4350 (76.3) | 540 (78.3) | 3810 (76.0) | |
| Missing | 47 (0.8) | 11 (1.6) | 36 (0.7) | |
| Year of training | ||||
| PGY-1 | 1377 (24.2) | 180 (26.1) | 1197 (23.9) | |
| PGY-2 or PGY-3 | 2295 (40.3) | 270 (39.1) | 2025 (40.4) | |
| PGY-4 or PGY-5 | 2029 (35.6) | 240 (34.8) | 1789 (35.7) | |
| Program | ||||
| No. of programs | 285 | 30 | 255 | |
| Program type | ||||
| Academic | 133 (46.7) | 16 (53.3) | 117 (45.9) | |
| Community | 152 (53.3) | 14 (46.7) | 138 (54.1) | |
| Program size, median (IQR), No. of examinees | 25 (18-40) | 35 (20-49) | 25 (17-39) | |
| Census region | ||||
| Northeast | 85 (29.8) | 18 (60.0) | 67 (26.3) | |
| South | 87 (30.5) | 2 (6.7) | 85 (33.3) | |
| Midwest | 73 (25.6) | 1 (3.3) | 72 (28.2) | |
| West | 40 (14.0) | 9 (30.0) | 31 (12.2) | |
| Urban-rural classificationd | ||||
| Large metropolitan core | 142 (49.8) | 25 (83.3) | 117 (45.9) | |
| Large metropolitan fringe | 40 (14.0) | 3 (10.0) | 37 (14.5) | |
| Small or medium metropolitan or micropolitan | 103 (36.1) | 2 (6.7) | 101 (39.6) | |
| Faculty wellness champione | 94 (46.5) | 11 (52.4) | 83 (45.9) | |
| Union affiliation | ||||
| CIR/SEIU | NA | 25 (83.3) | NA | |
| Independent | NA | 3 (10.0) | NA | |
| Other | NA | 2 (6.7) | NA | |
| Time since union creation, y | ||||
| 1-3 | NA | 4 (13.3) | NA | |
| >3 | NA | 26 (86.7) | NA | |
Abbreviations: CIR/SEIU, Committee of Interns and Residents/Service Employees International Union; IQR, interquartile range; NA, not applicable; PGY, postgraduate year.
Unless otherwise indicated, data are expressed as number (%) of residents or programs. Percentages have been rounded and may not total 100.
Residents were permitted to select more than 1 race. Fourteen residents were missing responses for all race variables. Residents with missing responses for each race variable were included in analyses with missing data treated as a separate response level.
Includes residents who indicated American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, or other.
National Center for Health Statistics urban-rural classification of the county containing each program. No residency programs were in rural noncore counties unassociated with a metropolitan or micropolitan core.
Data reported for the 202 residency programs (21 unionized and 181 nonunionized) that provided a response to this survey item.